of fuelwood and fence posts, and timber for miscel- 

 laneous domestic use on farms was estimated from an 

 area sample. The data on production of each com- 

 modity were converted to annual cut of growing stock 

 by using timber cut-to-production ratios derived from 

 measurements taken on sample cutting areas. 



The sampling errors to which the State cubic-foot 

 estimates of annual cut are liable, on a probability 

 of 2 chances out of 3, is shown in the following tabu- 

 lation. 



Sampling error 

 of cubic-foot 

 annual cut 



Commodity: {percent) 



Sawlogs 12. 2 



Veneer logs 5. 2 



Cooperage bolts 10. 



Pulpwood 2. 2 



Fuelwood 22. 5 



Chemical wood 4. 1 



Poles and piling 1.9 



Posts 18. 6 



Hewn ties 6. 



Mine timbers 1.3 



Miscellaneous logs and bolts 5.4 



All commodities 9. 



Public Forest-Land Ownership 



The area under Federal jurisdiction was obtained 

 from the various supervising agencies. State acreage 

 was furnished by the Tennessee Division of Forestry. 

 County and municipal ownership within the Tennes- 

 see Valley was supplied by the TVA Division of 

 Forestry Relations; acreage for other counties and 

 municipalities by the Tennessee Division of Forestry. 



Definitions of Terms 



Forest Land 



Forest land. — Includes (a) land which is at least 

 10 percent stocked by trees of any size and capable 

 of producing timber or other wood products, or of 

 exerting an influence on the climate or on the water 

 regime; (b) land from which the trees have been re- 

 moved to less than 10-percent stocking and which has 

 not been developed for other use; and (c) afforested 

 areas. 



Commercial forest land. — Forest land which is 

 (a) producing, or is physically capable of producing, 

 usable crops of wood (usually sawtimber), (b) eco- 



Tennessee's Timber Economy 



nomically available now or prospectively, and (c) 

 not withdrawn from timber utilization. 



Noncommercial forest land. — Forest land (a) 

 withdrawn from timber utilization through statute, 

 ordinance, or administrative order but which other- 

 wise qualifies as commercial forest land and (b) in- 

 capable of yielding usable wood products (usually 

 sawtimber) because of adverse site conditions, or so 

 physically inaccessible as to be unavailable economic- 

 ally in the forseeable future. 



Tree Species 



Commercial species. — Includes species that nor- 

 mally have value for commercial timber products; 

 excludes so-called weed or noncommercial species 

 such as blackjack oak, scrub post oak, blue beech, 

 sourwood, etc. 



Softwoods. — Southern pines, principally shortleaf 

 {Pinus echinata) and Virginia (P. virginiana); white pine 

 (P. strobus); hemlock {Tsuga canadensis); redcedar 

 (Juniperus virginiana); and cypress (Taxodium distichum). 



Hardwoods. — Broadleaved species, of which the 

 most numerous genera or species are the oaks {Quercus 

 spp.); hickories (Carya spp.); and yellow-poplar 

 {Liriodendron tulipifera) . 



Forest Type 



Forest type classifications in Tennessee were based 

 upon the number of sound well-formed dominant and 

 codominant trees. Standard Forest Survey types that 

 roughly approximate those defined locally in Tennes- 

 see are indicated parenthetically. 



Southern yellow pine (loblolly-shortleaf pine 

 and oak-pine). — Stands in which southern pines com- 

 prise at least 25 percent of the typing trees. 



Cedar (loblolly-shortleaf pine and oak-pine). — 

 Stands in which redcedar comprises at least 25 per- 

 cent of the typing trees. 



Other softwood (white-red-jack-pine). — Stands 

 in which softwood species other than southern pines 

 or redcedar comprise at least 25 percent of the typing 

 trees. The principal species are white pine and 

 hemlock. 



Bottom-land hardwood (oak-gum-cypress and 

 elm-ash-cottonwood). — Stands in which bottom- 

 land hardwoods and cypress comprise 76 percent or 

 more of the typing trees. 



Upland hardwood (oak-hickory and maple- 

 beech-birch). — Stands in which upland hardwoods 



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