THE YEWS. 
Family TAXACEAS (not cone-bearing). 
SILVER FIR (Abies amabilis). 
Handsome tree with conspicuously smooth light gray 
bark. Smooth on trees under 2 feet in diameter, 
broken into wide ashy plates on larger trees. North 
side of Mount Hood, 3,700 feet to timber line, south- 
west side from near Government Camp to timber 
line, 2,000 to 5,500 feet in the Cascades. 
NOBLE FIR (Abies nobilis). 
Magnificent forest tree. Tall and symmetrical, with 
a noticeably clear and straight trunk, bark broken by 
narrow furrows into conspicuously flat and smooth 
plates which are of a purplish color. North side of 
Mount Hood at 4,500 feet, on south side from 3 miles 
below Government Camp upward. Abundant on 
Larch Mountain, where this tree is wrongly called 
larch. 
ARBORVITAS (Tuuya). 
WESTERN RED CEDAR (Thuja plicata),. 
Large tree. Usually swell-butted, with tapering 
trunk and drooping branches. ‘Thin, stringy, choco- 
late brown bark. Foliage notneedles, but scales clasp- 
ing the twigs, in flatsprays. Bothsidesofthe Cascades, 
north side of Mount Hood, from 1,700 feet down to 
the Columbia River, on south side of Mount Hood 
from Government Camp to Salmon post office. Usu- 
ally found in bottoms, along streams, and moist situ- 
ations generally. 
CEDARS (CHAMAICYPARIS). 
ALASKA CEDAR (Chamecyparis nootkatensis). 
Tree somewhat like western red cedar with rapidly 
tapering trunk, but leaf scales finer and sprays more 
delicate. Sprays are harsh to the touch, while those 
of red cedar are soft. Branches conspicuously droop- 
ing. Foliage when crushed has strong, somewhat 
offensive odor. On Mount Hood near Government 
Camp and on north side. 
JUNIPERS (JuNrIrERvUs). 
DWARF JUNIPER (Juniperus communis). 
Always a shrub in this region. Needles very short 
and sharp pointed; fruit a dry, aromatic berry, blue- 
black when ripe. On ridge tops and summits of the 
Cascades. On north side of Mount Hood at 6,500 feet. 
Abundant on Mount Chinidere. 
WESTERN JUNIPER (Juniperus occidentalis). 
Short tree, rarely over 60 feet high, ordinarily 15 to 
20 feet. East of the Cascades to 6,000 feet, on dry 
arid exposed places. 
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PaciFic YEW (Taxus brevifolia). 
This is the only species of yew which is native to 
the Northwest. Small tree, rarely 60 feet high, grow- 
ing under othersin the forest. Bark thin, smooth, and 
conspicuously purplish red; young twigs same color, 
green as the pointed needles. Foliage somewhat 
similar to hemlock, but coarser and not so droopy. 
Fruit bright coral-red berries ripening in September. 
West side of Cascades to 6,000 feet; near margins of 
streams and on moist flats. 
HARDWOODS OR DECIDUOUS TREES. 
THE WILLOWS. 
Family SALICACE®. 
WILLOWS (Satrx). 
There are several species of willows in the Mount 
Hood region, distributed from the sand bars along the 
Columbia River to the headwaters and upper courses 
of high mountain streams, but they are so difficult 
to distinguish that a key to the willows can not be 
given, nor would it be useful in a popular description 
of this kind. 
COTTONWOODS AND POPLARS (Poputus). 
ASPEN (Populus tremuloides). 
Small tree, commonly 30 to 4o feet. Bark whitish, 
leaves small, somewhat heart-shaped, with stem flat- 
tened at base of leaf; foliage always trembling in the 
breeze. Usually occurs with Douglas fir, western 
yellow pine, and lodgepole pine east of the Cascades. 
BLACK COTTONWOOD (Populus trichocarpa). 
Large tree. Gray bark, having sharply defined 
ridges and furrows. Glossy large leaves turning con- 
spicuous yellow in autumn. On both sides of the 
Cascades at lower levels. It is the common tree of 
river bottoms, sand bars, and river banks. 
THE BIRCHES. 
Family BETULACE/, 
BIRCHES (BErTutvs). 
Mountain BircuH (Betulus fontinalis). 
Slender, graceful tree with deep, shiny old-copper- 
colored bark. Locally noted in Columbia River Val- 
ley. 
