f^ Vacation Land — The National Forests in Oregon 



DISPOSAL OF REFUSE 



Burn all cooking refuse in the camp fire; it will not affect the cooking. Burn 

 everything — coffee grounds, parings, bones, meat, even old tin cans — ^for if thrown 

 out anywhere, even buried, they will attract flies. Refuse once burned will not 

 attract flies. 



If burning is impracticable, dig a hole for the refuse, leaving the earth piled up 

 on the edge, and cover every addition with a layer of dirt. 



PACKING 



The pack saddle is firmly cinched; the portions of the outfit are carefully sus- 

 pended upon it; and the whole is secured by a rope with a single hitch, which is so 

 tied as to bind the load to the animal. The usual pack saddle is of the sawbuck type 

 as shown in the illustrations on page sixty-four. Care should be taken in saddling 

 the animal. Too many blankets are as bad as not enough, for either causes a sore 

 back. The blanket should be rinsed out in cold water and hung up to dry without 

 wringing. If dried in this manner and carefully folded, it can be kept from wrinkling 

 without much difficulty. The horse's withers should be noted after the saddle is 

 cinched; and if the forks of the saddle are not free, more blankets should be used on 

 the side of the horse under the bottom of the saddle. A single-cinch saddle with 

 breeching and breast straps is preferred, although double-cinch saddles are used. 

 The saddle should be kept tightly in place and evenly balanced. 



In figure lo are shown two canvas pads with leather corners, filled with grass, 

 and cross ribs to support the canvas. Figure 9 shows the underside of this pad and 

 the leather-bound holes in the center for placing over the horns of the saddle. 

 Figure 8 shows the outside of this pad with hardwood rib on each side. If a little 

 care is taken in placing fresh hay in these pads from time to time, sore ribs on pack 

 animals may be done away with. The pads make an excellent protection for the 

 horse in packing supplies in boxes, etc. Bear or elk grass is preferred for filling. 



The rope as shown in figure 10 is known as the sling rope and is only to be used 

 where alforjas are not available. Figure 1 1 shows the sawbuck pack saddle rigged 

 with these sling ropes without the canvas pads. Figure 12 shows how such a sling 

 should be tied. Two half hitches are taken in the middle of the sling rope and 

 dropped over the front crosstree. The ends are then looped over the rear cross- 

 tree to form the slings from which the packs are hung. The sling is adjusted to the 



\t 



