



ORIGIN AND USE OF THE LOG RULES. D 
Or 
The Constantine Rule. 
This rule is used chiefly in New York. It gives the full con- 
tents of logs without deduction for saw kerf or slab. It is em- 
ployed in measuring veneer lumber, in the manufacture of which 
there is very little waste. Some sawmill men use this rule for 
measuring other kinds of timber, deducting a third or fourth from 
the figures for saw kerf and other waste. It is based upon the 
following formula: Square the diameter of the small end of the 
loginsidethe bark and multiply by the decimal 0.785; multiply the 
result by the length of the log and divide the last product by 12. 
The Ake Rule. 
This rule is used locally in Clearfield County, Pa. It is based 
upon the following rule of thumb: Multiply the diameter of the 
log, measured at the small end inside the bark, by 0.7; square the 
result; multiply the product by the length of the ioe and divide 
by 12. The final result will be the contents in board feet. 
The Younglove Rule. 
This is a very old rule formerly used in New England and still 
occasionally employed in Massachusetts. The author was unable 
to obtain the rule, and therefore did not include it in the com- 
parison tables. 
The British Columbia Rule. 
This is the statute rule of British Columbia, Dominion of Canada. 
It is based upon the following formula: For logs up to 40 feet in 
length deduct 14 inches from the diameter at the small end inside 
the bark; square the result and multiply by the decimal 0.7854; 
from the product deduct three-elevenths; multiply the remainder 
by the length of the log and divide by 12. For logs over 40 feet in 
length an allowance is made on half the length of the log in order to 
compensate for the increase in diameter. This allowance consists 
of an increase in the diameter at the small end of the log of 1 inch 
for each 10 feet in length over 40 feet. Thus for logs 51 to 60 feet 
