ESTIMATING STANDING TIMBER. 117 
the leit hand, and in each case to a distance of 100 paces in front 
of him, thus including the area represented in the diagram as 
Plot I. He then steps north 100 paces, and in the same way 
counts the trees on Plot II, and repeats the operation successively 
for Plots III, IV, and V. He has then a complete count of the 
trees on the eastern half of the quarter section. He then walks 
west 250 paces along the north line of the ‘‘forty.’’ Facing south, 
he now counts all the trees on Plots VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X 
in the same way as before, and thus completes counting the trees 
on the entire ‘‘forty.’’ As he goes over the ground he constructs 
a rough map, locating the ridges, streams, swamps, and windfalls. 
He also makes notes of the general character of the timber and 
of any otber information useiul to the owner of the land. When 
the work is completed the cruiser has a practical working map 
for carrying on lumber operations, in addition to the other mate- 
rial secured. 
A METHOD OF CRUISING A ‘‘ FORTY’? BY SMALL 
SQUARES. 
Another method of cruising which gives good results is to di- 
vide each ‘‘forty’’ into 16 small squares of 23 acres and to estimate 
the timber on each square separately. This method and the one 
following were described in an article in Rod and Gun of Canada, 
November, 1901, by A. Knechtel. The following description is 
essentially the same as given in that article: : 
The cruiser begins at one corner of a ‘‘forty;’’ for example, at 
the southwest corner. He paces along the south line 10 rods east 
and then turns and paces 10 rods north. This brings him to the 
center of a square 25 acres in extent, or one-sixteenth oi the 
‘‘forty.’’? Standing at this point he locates by the eye the bound- 
ary lines of the square and then estimates the timber upon it, 
usually by counting the trees and determining their contents from 
volume tables. 
In dense stands where the trees can not be readily counted a flag 
may be placed at the center of the square to guide the cruiser. He 
then paces 5 rods south and then 5 rods west, which brings him to 
_ the center of the southwest quarter of the square. He estimates 
this small plot and then paces 10 rods north, where he stands and 

