y 
4 
124 THE WOODSMAN’S HANDBOOK. 
As the strip valuation surveys are being made, the tallyman 
makes careful notes on the tally sheet of the character of the land. 
As each chain is measured he notes the exact direction and change 
in elevation, the location of streams, ponds, roads, and trails. 
These notes are afterwards used in making a surface map. 
When the measurement of an acre is completed, the tallyman 
makes additional notes of the character of the land and the forest 
on the back of the tally sheet opposite printed headings. The 
facts noted are best shown by an actual example: 
Situation, two acres east of Station 10 on base line. 
Course, 6° S. of east. 
Absolute altitude, 480 feet. 
Slope and aspect, southwest 5° to 11th chain—rest level. 
Rock, slaty trap outcrop. 
Soil, fairly deep fresh clayey loam. 
Humus, moderate, well decomposed (mixed broadleaf and conifer). 
Ground cover, moss, rotten logs, ferns. 
Underbrush, spotted and striped maples, witch hobble, and hard- 
wood reproduction. 
Reproduction, balsam and spruce good; mixed evenly in small 
scattered groups. Hard maple, white and yellow birches, fair, 
scattered. 
Density, dense (.90). 
Quality of locality, good for popple and spruce. 
Silvicultural condition, birch and popple mature and overtopping 
the conifers. Young growth thrifty. Crowns of hardwoods 
admitting sufficient light for reproduction. 
Merchantable condition, timber good for pulp, but not for saw logs. 
Damage, very old burn (about 100 yrs.). Beech suffering from 
attack of fungus. 
temarks: Very little dead or down timber. Logs could go down 
slope drained by driveable stream. Slope gentle enough to ad- 
mit ot easy construction of wagon, sled, or logging roads. 
In hilly or mountainous regions, where the character of the 
timber varies with the difference in soil and exposure, the best 
estimates are made by dividing the forest into forest types and 
estimating the timber on each type separately. Thus, if the forest 
on the slopes is decidedly different from that on the flats, the 
average yield per acre is best found separately for each of these 
two forest types. After each sample acre is measured note is 
made on the tally sheet whether it belongs to the slope type of 
forest or to the flat type. The percentage of the total area coy- 
ered by each forest type is then estimated from a general study 

