LONGLEAF PINE LAND. Yy 
the middle of section 12. Aside from this work, lumbering had been 
confined to the operations of four local mills. These mills had, in 
township 24 north, range 17 east, culled the large pine from the west- 
ern half of section 16; cut the large pine from all the forties in section 
26, except the five belonging to the company; and removed the largest 
and best trees from all of section 36, except the three forties belonging 
to the company. In township 23 north, range 17 east, they had 
removed the best trees from the greater part of sections 1 and 2, 
with the exception of the five forties belonging to the company. 
In spite of the fact that lumbering has been so limited as to have 
practically no effect on the general composition of the forest, forestal 
conditions have indirectly been modified in other ways by human 
agency, and the forest can not properly be called virgin. Ever since 
the first settlers came into the country it has been used as a public 
range, and its constant utilization for the pasturage of cattle, sheep, 
and hogs, and the repeated annual ground fires, set for the purpose 
of improving the grazing, have resulted in changing considerably tbe 
character of the undergrowth and the ground cover, and in hindering 
or preventing entirely the reproduction of some of the tree species. 
The results of these influences will be discussed in detail later. At the 
time of the survey a lumber company, under lease from the Kaul 
Company, was preparing to box all the longleaf pine above 15 inches 
diameter in sections 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27 of township 24 north, 
range 17 east. 
Forest TyPEs. 
The many variations in the soil and topography of the tract so in- 
fluence the distribution of the tree species and the composition of the 
forest that it is possible to distinguish at least six different forest 
types. If the management of the tract were to be at all intensive it 
would be advisable to recognize these as distinct types and to treat 
each one separately, but under the very extensive system of manage- 
ment recommended it seems best to divide the forest into two main 
types only—the upland type or longleaf pine land and the bottom or 
ereek land. 
LONGLEAF PINE LAND. 
The longleaf pine land occupies in all 27,805 acres of the tract— 
—— 
77.3 per cent of its total area and 87.5 per cent of that portion still 
; 
remaining under forest. It covers all the slopes and tops of the 
ridges. Numerically, silviculturally, and commercially the longleaf 
pine is the most important tree. On by far the greater part of the 
type, where the soil is sandy, poor, and dry, it forms pure stands. 
In some cases there is a rather dense undergrowth of stunted and 
scrubby blackjack, Spanish, post, and scarlet oaks, hickories, dog- 
wood, black gum, sourwood, ete., but more often the undergrowth is 
