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8 WORKING PLAN, FOREST LANDS IN SOUTH CAROLINA. ‘ 
The Longleaf. Pine bas been the tree of chief commercial value, and 
the effect of the closer cutting of this species has been complete to 
denude great areas. 
The mixed pine forest, on the other hand, has been merely culled of | 
its largest Loblolly and Cuban Pines, and their remoyal has seldom — 
greatly diminished the density of the forest. On lands where the 
Longleaf Pine occurred in mixture with the other pines, the removal | 
of the merchantable Longleaf Pine has left a sufficient number of | 
trees to form the basis for another crop. With protection from fire, 
conditions would be favorable for the reproduction and renewal of the | 
forest. 
The effect of lumbering, turpentine boxing, and fire has been to | 
decregse the former preponderance of forest of the Longleaf Pine | 
type, and at present the largest part of the merchantable timber is | 
Loblolly and Cuban Pine. 
The merchantable pine forest comprises a few large bodies of fairly | 
compact forest and a large amount of timber scattered along the mar- | 
gins of the many swamps and brooks. East of the Great Swamp, on 
the lands known as the English tract and Horse Island, Longleaf and 
Cuban Pine predominate. On the west side of the tract, along the 
Southern Railroad, the merchantable timber is chiefly Loblolly Pine. 
(Pl. IV.) Merchantable Cypress is confined to the Savannah River 
Swamp and the Great Swamp. 
Of the whole tract of 60,000 acres, 20,000 acres have at some time 
been cleared. <A large part of this is open field, which supports at 
most only scattered trees. A portion is under field crops; but most of 
it comprises exhausted fields and pastures, and cut-over forests and 
abandoned turpentine orchards which have been destroyed by fire. 
Reproduction is as a rule either entirely lacking or too scattered to 
promise a forest growth in the near future, owing to the recurrent 
fires which burn in the long grass and destroy the seedlings. 
Natural reseeding can be effected only by the careful use of fires set 
with reference to the fall of seed and by subsequent protection from 
fires. 
SECOND-GROWTH FOREST. 
Especial interest, however, attaches to this area because of the 
remarkably promising second growth already upon the ground. The 
second-growth forest may be classed as seedlings, saplings, and poles. 
Young trees up to 10 feet in height are classed as seedlings; under 
saplings is included second growth composed of trees from 10 to 20 
feet in height. By pole forests are meant forests in which the trees 
vary in diameter from 4 to 14 inches. 
Under present conditions reproduction results only where there is 
accidental protection from fire. How the reseeding is effected will be 
explained later under the the discussion of forest fires. 




