yd PRACTICAL FORESTRY IN THE ADIRONDACKS. 
manner in which the rocks have been smoothed oft and the rounded 
bowlders deposited on the flats and on the south slopes affords similar 
evidence. ‘The shape of the ridges is due to glaciation. 
Granite, varying much in color and texture, is the principal rock. 
The typical soil of the park is glacial gravel or sand, replaced by 
loam in richer situations. On steep slopes it is thin, and what there is 
usually collects in hollows, on benches, on the uphill side of rocks and 
trees, or in rocky crevices. On moderate slopes and high flats the soil 
is deep, fresh, and porous; on low flats, moist and often deep; on less 
level flats, thin on account of the bowlders, and in swamps a deep 
muck. 
The conditions of heat, moisture, and ventilation are such in the dense 
and damp Adirondack forest that the waste materia!s which drop from 
the trees and other forest vegetation decay slowly after falling. The 
result is a mass of partially disintegrated vegetable matter which has 
been accumulating for years, and which may cover ‘he ground to a 
depth of several feet. This layer, deeper on low than on high ground, 
often becomes acid humus in the swamps. 
THE WHITNEY PRESERVE. 
This tract of approximately 68,000 acres is included within what is 
known as the Totten and Crossfield purchase, town of Long Lake, 
Hamilton County, N. Y. It comprises township 36, the northwest 
quarter of township 35, the greater part of township 23, a portion of 
the triangle east of township 23, and a few lots in township 21 (Pl. V). 
The greater part of the preserve slopes toward Little Tupper Lake, 
but a considerable portion sheds its water into Long Lake, Forked 
Lake, and the Raquette River. 
The tract is characterized by a large number of lakes and small 
ponds. The largest of these is Little Tupper Lake (Pl. VI, fig. 1), 
which is about 6 miles long and about 1 mile wide, into which the water 
drains from the northern portion of the preserve. Little Tupper Lake 
empties into Round Pond, and this in turn into Big Tupper Lake. 
The water eventually reaches the Raquette River. The southern part 
of the preserve sheds its water also into the Raquette River, chiefly 
through Forked and Long lakes. Salmon Lake empties into Beaver 
River through Little Salmon and Lila lakes. In general the land is 
a high rolling plateau, broken by a few high mountains and a number 
of long, rather low, broad ridges, which are interspersed with numerous 
ponds and swamps. On townships 36 and 23, with the exception of 
Salmon Mountain, Buck Mountain, and a few insignificant ridges, 
almost the entire area is of this rolling character. About Forked Lake 
the topography is more rugged and the ridges and hills higher. 
The prevailing rock is gneiss, which accounts in part for the com- 
paratively gentle topography. 
