OBJECTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT. 15 
in the same position as the State. But lumbermen have invested their 
money in forest land or stumpage as a business matter, and unless the 
ultimate returns are greater from forest management than from the 
ordinary methods of lumbering they can not be expected to consider it 
at all. Where forest fires burn over the land repeatedly, as in many 
localities in the United States, no business man can be expected to 
leave the small trees, which can be sold even at a small profit, to grow 
to large timber and to distribute seed. In the same way lumbermen 
will not cut their land with the idea of reaping a second crop of timber 
in places where the taxes are so high as to more than counterbalance 
the amount gained through careful lumbering. 
In certain sections lumber and paper companies have invested large 
sums of money in mill plants, and the continuance of their business 
depends on the future supply of timber. Such companies would find 
it most profitable to lumber their land in such a way that they could 
cut successive crops of wood every 20 to 30 years; in other words, to 
manage their lands along the lines of forestry. In the same way it 
would be folly for a lumberman to strip his land and practically ruin 
its sale value, if, by leaving the small trees, he could sell it to the 
State, paper companies, or sportsmen for a high price. 
Hitherto many lumbermen who have looked up the matter of forestry 
have not adopted it because they have been unable to make a compro- 
mise with the foresters. Hither they have wished to entirely strip the 
land of timber or the foresters have insisted upon certain measures 
which tlhe lumbermen could not afford. Every plan of forest manage- 
ment in this country must be in a measure a compromise between the 
owner of the forest and the forester. The former must consent. to 
leave a certain amount of capital invested in the forest in the form 
of growing wood, obtaining his returns trom the sale of merchantable 
timber after the necessary period of growth has passed, or from the 
increased value of the land. The forester in his turn must give up 
certain operations which would benefit the forest. 
OBJECTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT. 
For the two tracts of forest land considered in this report a plan of 
management was required that would satisfy three parties, namely, the 
owners, the contractors, and the forester. 
THE OWNERW’ OBJECT. 
The object of the owners, in the case in hand, is to cut as much tim- 
ber as possible without injuring the productive power of the forest. 
The land has been heavily taxed and has yielded no return. If the 
larger timber is removed the taxes will be reduced and there will be a 
substantial money return from the forest. The object is to convert the 
unproductive portion of the capital, the old timber, into ready money, 
to be invested elsewhere, and to leave the productive part of the forest, 
