60 PRACTICAL FORESTRY IN THE ADIRONDACKS. 
Number and percentage of trees, showing increased scale by cutting low stumps and per- 
centage of increase in standards of those trees. 
Trees showing | 
Diameter, Trees increased scale on | Increase in 
breast high. measured. account of low standards. 
stumps. 
{ 
Inches. Number. | Number. Per cent. | Per cent. 
9 17 2 12 16 | 
10 | 37 1 3 | 16 
ie | 46 9 | 20 12 
12 21 7 25 | 11 
13 28 10 | 35 | 9 
14 39 dt his awe Sea 
15 16 | 2 12 5 
16 | 11 | 65 50 7 
van 12 3 | 25 | 6 
18 17 9 | 50 6 | 
19 10 6m) 60 | if 
20 5 3 | 60 4 
21 3 iad 30 | 5 
22 5 2 40 <f 
23 5 4 80 2 
24. 5 2 40 2 
LOSS BY LEAVING LARGE TOPS IN THE WOODS. 
Where lumbering is done under contract it has been the usual ecus- 
tom in the Adirondacks to cut only logs which will seale 6 inches at 
the top end. Where timber is cut for pulp, smaller logs can be used, 
and many companies which operate their own camps compel the chop- 
pers to cut logs as small as 5 and often 4 inches. In the vicinity of 
Nehasane Park it has been the custom to cut no logs under 6 inches 
in diameter, but in actual practice the average size of the top log is 
nearer 8 inches. There are thus, in the majority of cases, 4 to 12 feet 
of wood left in most tops, which is fit for pulp and which is actually 
so used by many companies. (PI. X VIII, fig. 1.) 
The point will at once be raised that the tops are knotty and the 
wood of an inferior quality. The reply is that many companies use 
this material, and that the total amount is so great that it would pay 
to utilize it, even if it were possible to sell it for only one-fourth the 
price of the rest of the timber. 
The 283 trees already mentioned as having been sealed in Nehasane 
Park were used as the basis of the computation of the amount wasted 
in this way. From measurements taken in the top it was possibile to 
determine how many 4-foot billets over 5 inches in diameter could be 
eut from each. The exact cubie contents of these billets which could 
have been cut was then determined. It was found that this material 
amounted to 6.5 per cent of the total contents of the trees actually 
used. Inasmuch as this portion of the tree is inferior to the rest of the 
