66 PRACTICAL FORESTRY IN THE ADIRONDACKS. 
PREDICTION OF FUTURE YIELD IN THE WHITNEY PRESERVE. 
The actual amount of timber cut during the past season was 14.6 
standards per acre, or 2,920 board feet, considering 1 standard equiva- 
lent to 200 board feet (see page 76). This amount is so near 3,000 
board feet that the computation of future yield in Nehasane Park, as 
given above, may be used also for the Whitney Preserve, namely, that 
the original cut can be obtained in 36 years, and that 330, 1,230, and 
2,100 board feet per acre can be obtained in 106, 20, and 30 years, 
respectively. 
IMPORTANCE OF SAVING THE SMALL SPRUCE. 
There is throughout the forest a large amount of small Spruce not 
yet of merchantable size, which, if left standing, will in a compara- 
tively short time be suitable for pulp and lumber. Until recently 
this small material has not been recognized as having any particular 
value and no attempt has been made to protect it. Many small trees 
have, however, been left standing because they could not be sold or 
because they were not needed for skids, road building, etc., and in 
many instances Jumbermen who have cut over their land a second time 
have secured crops almost, if not quite, equal to that obtained at the 
first cutting. As a result they are beginning to appreciate the impor- 
tance of sparing the small trees, in order.that a second cut may be 
obtained sooner than would otherwise be possible; and there is a general 
tendency througheut the Adirondacks to limit the cutting of Spruce to 
10 or 12 inches onthe stump. Hitherto the presence of a large amount 
of young growth in the forest has not materially influenced the sale 
value of land in the Adirondacks, but it may be confidently expected 
that there will be a demand for such land by large paper companies, 
just as is already the case in New Hampshire, where land stocked with 
small trees has actually been sold for a high price in view of its future 
value. 
PREVIOUS ATTEMPTS AT CONSERVATIVE LUMBERING. 
A number of efforts have been made in the Adirondacks to lumber 
Spruce on conservative principles. The plan usually adopted is to 
remove all trees measuring 10 inches and over on the stump. This 
system is a long step in advance of cutting to 6 or 8 inches, but it has 
two serious defects: First, the measurement of the trees is left entirely 
to the choppers: second, no provision is made to leave seed trees in 
places where there are not enough small Spruce capable of bearing 
fruit to answer the purpose. 
NEED OF MARKING THE TIMBER. 
In the actual practice of the system described in the previous sec- 
tion the !umbermen cut to less than 10 inches in diameter on the 
stump. In fact, there is hardly an attempt to even estimate the 
