COST OF FORESTRY IN WHITNEY PRESERVE. 15 
for an additional camp on Forked Lake, but actual work was not begun 
until November. All of the contractors readily agreed to cut only the 
trees 10 inches and over in diameter instead of everything down to 8 
inches, and to cut only trees which were marked. They were, however, 
unwilling to agree not to use Spruce for lumbering purposes, or other- 
wise to change the system of lumbering already used, except in the 
matter of cutting only marked trees for logs. The points in which the 
work of forestry was not successful are discussed under ‘“*The work of 
the contractors.” 
In accordance with the new plan of cutting the writer began marking 
timber on October 15, and within 10 days brought the work to such a 
stage that the lumbermen were cutting marked trees on all of the ten 
jobs in operation at the time. From six to eight woodsmen were em- 
ployed to mark the timber. 
The method of marking was the same as that described on page 71. 
AREA CUT OVER AND THE EXTRA COST OF FORESTRY ABOVE ORDI- 
NARY LUMBERING. 
The area lumbered over was 5,452 acres. .AS near as could be esti- 
mated, approximately 1,652 acres had been cut over before the marking 
began. The total area on which the timber was marked was about 
4,000 acres, for there were fully 200 acres marked which were not lum- 
bered. The total cost of marking was $598, or about 15 cents per acre. 
The total number of trees left for seed over 10 inches in diameter 
amounted to 4,599, or something over 1 tree per acre. It is estimated 
that these trees averaged one-fourth standard each, making the yield 
for the entire 4,599 trees 1,150 standards. There were marked for 
removal altogether 282 trees under 10 inches in diameter. These trees 
averaged 0.22 standards each or the entire 282 trees 62 standards. 
Under the new system of cutting Mr. Whitney paid Mr. Moynehan 
not only $1 per acre for the 8 and 9 inch trees left standing, but also a 
specified sum per standard for all trees 10 inches and over which were 
left for seed. The extra cost of forestry to Mr. Whitney was then for 
each acre lumbered 15 cents for marking the timber, plus the value of 
about one-fourth of one standard for each tree left for seed, plus the 
$1 referred to above. 
WORK OF THE CONTRACTORS. 
While some difficulty was found in compelling the contractors to cut 
only trees which were marked, the work was, for the most part, good, 
as far as the Sawyers were eouecmed: According to the contract be- 
tween Mr. Moynehan and Mr. Whitney the former was allowed to use 
any timber for lumbering purposes. There was, therefore, absolutely 
no check on the cutting of Spruce for skids, roads, bridges, etc. In 
consequence the work of forestry was, to a considerable extent, inter- 
fered with along the lumber roads, for frequently trees which had been 
