Bee 8 IN IDI 
[Compiled mainly from ‘‘The Adirondack Spruce.’’] 
VOLUME TABLES. 
Volume tables show the contents of standing timber. The primary object of the 
construction of such tables in the study of the Spruce in Nehasane Park was for 
use in working up the results of the 1,046 acre measurements taken in 1897, but it 
will be seen that they supply, in addition, the means of estimating standing timber 
with accuracy and dispatch, whether the result is desired in standards, board feet, 
cubic feet of merchantable timber, or in cords. They are based on measurements 
of the product of trees of different sizes actually cut in the woods. 
Mention has already been made of the 2,006 stem analyses of small timber cut for 
pulp at Santa Clara, N. Y., and of the 298 analyses of trees cut into logs on the edge 
of Nehasane Park. The volume tables have been computed from the results of these 
stem analyses. Since this study is primarily for use in practical forestry, only tables 
of merchantable yield were made. For this purpose tables have been calculated 
which show the number of standards, board feet, merchantable cubic feet, and cords 
contained in trees of different heights and diameters. 
VOLUME TABLE OF STANDARDS. 
The number of standards in each tree was determined by Dimmick’s rule, which is 
the common scale used in the Adirondacks. The trees were worked up together by 
grouping them in diameter classes differing by 1 inch and in height classes differing 
by 5 feet. It was found that the average results were so regular for the trees of dif- 
ferent diameters and heights that it was possible to make a table by merely elimi- 
- nating the irregularities by means of curves. At first the results of the trees cut for 
pulp at Santa Clara were kept separate from the results of the large trees cut in the 
park, but the two series were found to correspond so exactly that they were thrown 
together into the single table of standards given below. The diameters in this table 
are taken breast high, or 44 feet from the ground. Lumbermen usually refer to the 
diameter inside the bark on the stump, but that is an unsatisfactory measure, since 
the height of the stump varies greatly. In dealing with standing timber measure- 
ments must be taken outside the bark. A comparison of the diameter inside the 
bark on the stump with the diameter breast high showed that, in the trees analyzed, 
the former was on the average three-quarters of an inch (exactly 0.79) larger than 
the diameter breast high. 
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