58 
Bordeaux mixture, One-half of each treated section received three treatments; the 
- other half, six in case of apples, quinces, peaches, and plums, and seven in case of 
pears and cherries. The dates of treatment were May 21, June 3, June 24, July 9, 
July 24, August 8, and August 28. 
In addition to the treatments with fungicides it was found necessary the first week 
in July to spray all apple and pear stocks for the apple aphis (Aphis mali), and also 
a large portion of the cherry stocks for the black cherry aphis (Mysus cerasi). Owing 
to the persistence of these pests the treatments were repeated three times at inter- 
vals of from three to eight days. Kerosene emulsion, prepared by the Hubbard- 
Riley formula as well as by the Cook formula, was used with moderate success. 
Whale-oil soap and tobacco water gave, however, as good results, though none of 
these were sufficient to entirely keep the insects in check, and in consequence seri- 
ous injury to the apple seedlings resulted. 
Immediately after planting a drought set in, and as a result the stocks started very 
slowly. As the season advanced, however, the effects of this early check passed 
away and a fair growth was made. A considerable difference in the growth of the 
stocks contributed by various firms was noticed, and owing to this difference it will 
be impossible to make any comparison between French and American pear or apple 
seedlings. In fact the comparison between foreign and domestic seedlings as stocks 
for standard varieties of fruit trees is altogether too complex a problem to be treated 
by this simple experiment. Any unmistakable evidence, however, of the superior- 
ity or inferiority of one kind or another will be recorded at the end of the next 
season, 
The results of the treatments may probably be best shown by giving a record for 
each lot of stocks, repeating for the sake of clearness the manner of treatment and 
adding for future reference the date of budding and the varieties used in each case. 
Rows I and II (Mahaleb and Mazzard cherry stock).—One row each of Mahaleb and 
Mazzard cherry stocks, containing 449 and 468 trees, respectively, was experimented 
upon. Each row was divided into seven sections, as described above, three treated 
with ammoniacal solutions and three with Bordeaux Half of each section was treated 
three times and the other half six times. One-half of the treated Mazzard stock 
(Row II), however, received an additional treatment, making seven in all. 
The leaf-blight (Cylindresporium padi Karsten) was present only in insignificant 
quantities, defoliating but 15 Mahaleb seedlings and17 Mazzards. The greatest de- 
foliation was in the untreated portion. 
The powdery mildew (Podosphera oryacanthe (D. C.) Wint.) appeared the last of 
August upon the Mazzard stock to a slight extent, more pronounced upon the un- 
treated and early treated than upon those portions sprayed seventimes. (See Fig. 6, 
Plate v.) The benefit of the latter spraying was plainly evident in the prevention 
of the mildew. 
Summarizing the result it may be said that the leaf-blight appeared too late in the 
season and in too small a quantity to furnish a test of the efficacy of the fungicides. 
The powdery mildew on the Mazzard stocks was in a measure prevented by six 
treatments with Bordeaux mixture and in a less degree by six applications of the 
ammoniacal solution. Early treatments had no preventive effect. The stock was 
budded August 5 with Windsor, Yellow Spanish and Mont Morcucy. 
Rows III and IV (Myrabolan and Mariana plum).—One row each of the Myrabolan 
and Mariana plum stock was planted and treated almost identically with the cherry 
stock, but on October 9 no disease had yet appeared and no difference was observed 
between the treated and untreated trees. No injury to the foliage from the applica- 
tions was apparent. The plants were budded September 9 with Early Rivers, Hud- 
son River Purple Egg, and Fellenberg. 
Row V (Angers quince).—One row of 509 Angers quince stocks was planted and 
treated as described for the Mahaleb cherry. On October 9 the difference between 
the treated and untreated trees was not apparent, but the trees were tabulated as 
diseased when not absolutely without a single spotted leaf, with the following re- 
sults represented in percentages. 

