35 
culated on the crop of but two trees. The percentages of fruit in the different 
qualities were as follows: 

First Second Third 
quality. quality. quality. 




Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. 
Amnomiace) Copper Carbonate. - -- a] =~ <3 - once a eee ieleee = 27. 08 68, 83 4.09 
Suspended copper carbonate. .-....---..--..-.-------------------- 34. 14 62.77 3.09 

STORIE RCIT EGU ae es nee ere a Se EN aie SS Seite ei= atid he Seeley | 37. 59 60. 31 2.10 

These results, which also appear in Fig. 6 of Plate m1 serve to confirm the deduc- 
tions already made. 
There were no indications that the London purple or the kerosene emulsion had 
any effect in reducing injury from the codling moth. The sample of London purple 
used may have been of inferior quality, as Mr. Hatch found it nearly ineffectual 
against Jeaf rollers and the tent caterpillar, even when used at the rate of a pound 
to fifty gallons of water. The Paris green, however, proved almost a complete pre- 
ventive of injury from the codling moth, as appears from the numerical table. It 
was hoped that the winter application might destroy the winter eggs of the apple 
aphis, but there were no indications that it had any effect upon them. 
The computations of the cost of the treatments in the experiments of 1889 and 
1890 were based on an expenditure of three gallons of each preparation in spraying 
one tree; but the experience of Mr. Hatch in spraying his entire orchard shows con- 
clusively that this estimate is unduly large, and that in practical fieldwork, 1 to 
14 gallons are sufficient to cover a tree of average size. The estimates of cost in 
this report are therefore made on the basis of 13 gallons of liquid per treatment for 
one tree. An expenditure for labor of 5 cents per tree for each treatment is proba- 
bly more nearly correct, on the basis of practical fieldwork, than the allowance 
heretofore made for this purpose. The cost of one treatment for one tree with each 
of the materials used, including the labor of preparation, would not vary much from 
the following: 


Cost of Cost of Labor of Total 
spraying London applica- Y + 
liquid. purple. tion. gee 
AmMmMoniaeal copper Carbonate -<--2.5.-55222..2--655--5- $0. 026 $0. 0015 $0. 05 $0. 0775 
paspended: copper carbonate. ..- 05.2.5 -22s2ss-e coe eee . 029 . 0015 . 05 . 0805 
sare CALMS TPIMUUIEG spice o< 3 sates 2 asics oa se sd ain neo ea ainie . 06 . 0015 05 ES 
_ OL Ce BEE Se ee ere ee Sac e (UU sees oe . 05 . 058 
MMM ERPURERUMELUD Saree ce 2 we = An eee cite seas © SVL) ies Ee SESS ae . 05 . 0604 
Copper sulphate with kerosene...........--......-.--- Ose ie || anes as tae 05 . 08915 
eS EN COUIMMSI OMS 2 6 sar ame 2's) a)0)s Saino Soe. w ere ssiciew se . 03375 . 0015 . 05 . 08525 





These estimates assume copper carbonate worth $0.40 per pound; ammonium ecar- 
bonate, $0.25; copper sulphate, $0.09; lime, $0.01; Paris green, $0.40; London purple, 
$0.10, and kerosene, $0.10 per gallon. The labor of preparing the kerosene emulsion 
was estimated at $0.015 per gallon; that of the Bordeaux mixture, and ammoniacal 
copper carbonate $0.01, and that of the suspended copper carbonate, copper sul- 
phate, and Paris green, $0.005 per gallon. 
CONCLUSIONS. 
From Prof. Goff’s work the following conclusions may be drawn: 
(1) One treatment with simple solution of copper sulphate in spring 
before growth started reduced the amount of scab to a noticeable 
extent. 
