48 



VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION. 



Betula populifolia purpurea Hort. Am. 



Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch. 



Range. — From Labrador to Hudson Bay (southern shores), Great Bear Lake, 

 Yukon River and coast of Alaska; southward to New York (Long Island) and north- 

 ern Pennsylvania, central Michigan, and Minnesota, northern Nebraska (bluff's of 

 Niobrara River), Dakota (Black Hills), northern Montana, and northwestern Wash- 

 ington (near Seattle). 



Names in use. — Paper Birch (N. H., Yt., Mass., R. L, Conn., IS". Y., 

 Wis., Mich., Minn., Ont.); Canoe Birch (Me., Yt., X. H., E. I., Mass., 

 K. Y., Pa., Wis., Mich., Minn., Ont.); White Birch (Me., N. H., Yt., R. I., 

 K. Y., X. J., Wis., Minn., Mich., Nebr., Out.); Silver Birch (Minn.); 

 Large White Birch (Yt.); Boleau (Quebec). 



Betula papyrifera minor (Tuck.) Wats. & Coult. 



Alpine Paper Birch. 



Rastge. — Northern New England (mountains). 



Betula occidentalis Hook. Western Birch. 



Range. — From British Columbia (upper Fraser and Pease rivers) south to Cali- 

 fornia (valleys of Mount Shasta and eastern slopes of the northern Sierra Nevada); 

 eastward in British America to eastern Alberta and along the Saskatchewan River 

 to Edmonton, and south in the Rocky Mountains and other interior ranges to Nevada, 

 Utah, northern New Mexico; east to Dakota (Black Hills), northwestern Nebraska, 

 and eastern base of Rockies in Colorado. 



Names in use. — Black Birch (Cal., Colo., Mont., Utah); Canon 

 Birch (Utah) ; Sweet Birch (Idaho) ; Cherry Birch (Idaho) ; Gray Birch 

 (Mont.); Water Birch (Colo.); Western Birch. 



Betula nigra Linn. River Birch. 



Range. — Massachusetts (Nashua River near Fitchburg; Merrimac River near 

 Lawrence and Lowell; Spicket and Shawsheen rivers); New York (Wading River, 

 Lonu 1 Island) and southward east of the Alleghenies to western Florida; west in 

 Gulf States to Texas (Trinity River) and north through Mississippi to Indian Terri- 

 tory, eastern Kansas, eastern Nebraska (Missouri River bottoms), central Minnesota, 

 southern Wisconsin (near Madison), and Ohio. 



Names in use.— Red Birch (Mass., R. I., K. T., K J., Pa., Del., K C, 

 S. C, La., Mo., Wis., Kans., Nebr., Ohio); River Birch (Mass., R. I., 

 K. J., Del., Pa., W. Ya., Ala., Miss., Tex., Mo., 111., Wis., Ohio) ; Water 

 Birch (W. Ya., Kans.); Blue Birch (Ark.); Black Birch (Fla., Tenn., 

 Tex.); Birch (K C, S. C, Miss., La.). 



Betula lutea Michx. f. Yellow Birch. 



Range. — From Newfoundland and along the northern shores of St. Lawrence 

 Gulf to Abittibi Lake aud Rainy River ; southward to northern Minnesota and 

 through the Northern States to eastern Tennessee, North Carolina, and Delaware. 



Names in use. — Yellow Birch (Me., IS". H., Yt., Mass., Conn., R. I., 

 K. Y., N. J., Pa., 1ST. C, S. C, 111., Mich., Minn., N. Dak., Ont.); Gray 

 Birch (Yt, R. I., Pa., Mich., Minn.); Swamp Birch (Minn.); Silver 

 Birch (K. H.); Merisier (Quebec); Merisier Rouge (Quebec). 



