23 



Tsuga caroliniana Engelm. Carolina Hemlock. 



Range. — Mountains of southwestern Virginia, western North Carolina, and north- 

 ern Georgia: very local. 



Names in use. — Hemlock (N. C., S. 0.); Southern Hemlock (lit.). 



Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sargent. Western Hemlock. 



Tsuga mertensiana authors, not Carr. 



Rangk. — Alaska to Idaho and Montana and southward (in the Cascade and coast 

 ranges) to California (Marin County). 



Names in use. — Hemlock Spruce (Gal. ; Western Hemlock (Gal.); 

 Hemlock (Oreg., Idaho, Wash.); Western Hemlock Spruce (lit.); Cali- 

 fornia Hemlock Spruce; Western Hemlock Fir (Eng.); Prince Albert's 

 Fir (Eng.)j Alaska Pine (Northwestern lumbermen). 



VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION. 



Tsuga heterophylla latifolia noru. no v. 

 TtiUGA MERTENSIANA LATIFOLIA Slldw. 



Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Oarr. Black Hemlock. 



Tsuga pattoniana (Jetiir.) Engelm. 



Range. — Northern British Columbia to Idaho and northern Montana, and south- 

 ward to California (Sierra Nevada Mountains) ; usually above 10,000 feet; at sea level 

 ouly in region of Sitka. 



Names in use. — Williamson's Spruce (Gal.); Weeping Spruce (Gal.); 

 Alpine Spruce (Gal.); Hemlock Spruce (Gal.); Pattern's Spruce; Alpine 

 Western Spruce. 



Tsuga mertensiana hookeriana(Garr.) nom.nov. Hooker Hemlock. 

 Tsuga pattoniana hookeriana (Carr.) Lemmon. 



VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION. 



Tsuga mertensiana argentea (Beissn.) nom. nov. 

 Tsuga pattoniana argentea Beissn. 



PSEUDOTSUGA Carr. 



Pseudotsuga taxifolia l (Lam.) Britton. Douglas Spruce. 



Pseudotsuga DouGLASii Carr. 



Range. — From the Rocky Mountain region (in United States) and northward to 

 central British Columbia; Pacific coast. 



Names in use.— Red Fir (Oreg., Wash., Idaho, Utah, Mont., Colo.); 

 Douglas Spruce (Gal., Colo., Mont.); Douglas Fir (Utah, Oreg., Colo.); 



'Douglas Spruce (Pseudotsuga taxifoliaya. Pseudotsuga mucronata). — The retention 

 of the specific term taxifolia in the genus Pseudotsuga is held hy some botanists to be 

 at variance with the meaning of the law excluding the use of synonyms and hoiuo- 

 uyrns. Lambert first described the Douglas Spruce as Pinus taxifolia (Pi uus ed. 1, 

 51, t. 33) in 1803, not knowing that in 17% Salisbury had already described another 

 coniferous tree, a true fir and now known as Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., as Pinus taxi- 

 folia. At this point, according to botanical laws now observed, the Douglas Spruce 

 was without a name, since supposing the tree to be a true pine, there could exist hut 

 one Pinus taxifolia and that one only the earlier, or Pinus taxifolia Salisbury (1796). 

 So far as is known Poiret (in Lamarck, Enc. Mdth. Bot., vi, 523) was the next to 

 describe this tree in 1804, under the following designation: "Abies taxifolia Lam- 

 bert." But as we know Lambert did not write "Abies taxifolia," but Pinus taxifolia, 



