CHAPARRAL. 35 
cially when young, and in its chaparral form makes a dense cover 
for the ground. . 
Quercus densiflora, California tanbark oak, is distributed through 
the Coast Range as far south as the Angeles National Forest. Nor- 
mally it is a large tree, from 50 to 70 feet high, but in the chaparral, 
especially near its southern limit, it is a scrub, usually less than 10 
feet high. An evergreen, its leaves remain on the branches for three 
or four years. Unlike the chrysolepis, it seeks the high regions and 
the exposed summits, where it is desirable on account of its dense 
shade. 
Quercus dumosa, California scrub oak, is native to the Coast Ranges 
of California and Baja California, and is found sparingly in the 
Sierra Nevada. In the chaparral it is very desirable, since it has a 
wide range, is evergreen, and grows on all kinds of soils and sites. 

Lemonade berry, Rhus integrifolia, 6 feet high. 
INE, ‘We 

It reproduces both by seed and coppice, but though it bears cones 
abundantly, even on 38-year-old coppices, seedlings are exceedingly 
rare. If not too severely burned, it will produce a fair coppice cover 
within three years, a much shorter time than the average for the 
chaparral species. It may be killed, however, by very severe fires; 
burned areas have shown 15 per cent of dead stubs. Its value as 
cover should strongly urge its extension by artificial means. 
Quercus wislizeni, highland oak, is distributed throughout the 
chaparral area, and extends northward into the Sacramento Valley to 
latitude 41°. Its altitudinal range, which extends to 6,200 feet, is 
frequently above the chaparral zone. Some of the trees attain a 
height of 30 feet and a diameter of 12 inches, but, when part of the 
chaparral, have a scrubby form. It is an important species in the 
present cover and a desirable one, since it is evergreen and makes a 
good cover on all slopes. Occasionally it forms a pure stand in 
