94 CHAPARRAL. 
giving each its proper weight according to the area which it repre- 
sents. 
In determining the proportion of the different species of the 
chaparral, three methods were employed. The first was to take an 
average sample plot of one-eighth or one-quarter of an acre and count 
each species represented on the plot. The second was to make an 
estimate of all the plants within a certain distance of the observer. 
This method is, of course, much quicker than the first, but experi- 
ence showed that the estimates of different persons varied consider- 
ably, and that such estimates, however careful, might be far from 
the truth. The third was the strip method, in which the observer 
started up a hillside, made a careful estimate of the dominant species, 
and continued this until he reached an altitude where the character 
of the chaparral began to change. This point was considered the 
upper limit of the subzone, and a new estimate was then begun for 
the higher altitude. 
The averages given are the result of several hundred observations 
made by five experts over a period of seven years, from 1898 to 1904, 
inclusive. The observations were made in the general course of field 
work, and not for the special purpose of this bulletin. It is thought 
that the nomenclature given is sufficiently justified by current use. 
Much is yet to be done, however, in determining the proper standing 
of a number of the binomials employed. 
DOMINANT SPECIES. 
In the following table is given the proportion of the dominant 
species in the chaparral within the National Forests of southern 
California. These species form approximately 90 per cent of the en- 
tire stand. . 
TABLE 3.—Proportion of dominant species in the chaparral. 







National Forests. 
Average 
Species. ¥ | | | for the 
Monterey. | ae Angeles. | Cleveland.| 78108: 
| 
Per cent. | Percent. | Percent. | Percent. | Per cent. 
Adenostoma fasciculatum .............-.-.| 30 | 15 | 57 40 | 33 
Adenostoma sparsifolium......-.---.------ | eee ee Panga Me eee Cle a ae 20 6 
Arctostaphylos) glauca sso ee G | 4 | 2 | 10 6 
Arctostaphylos manzanita....--.-.-------- 4 2 | Sal 8 4 
Artemisia calitorni cays eee eee eee 2 10: Ase lS ee 4 
Cea FHTISICLASSITO Li US ee a ees | 3 Na Pee ee a 1 
Ceanothusicuneatussssseceeeee se eee 6 5 | | 1 3 
Ceanothusidivaricaviseee:]s= =) see e eee 6 6 | 13 | 7 8 
Ceanothusihirsuhussese == eee 1 FN Ee eer or Bt aes tele 1 
Ceanothus! papillosusea..-- ase ee 5 ic) tthe Se SS Se se oe 1 
Cercocarpus parvifolius....-..-.------------ + 9 | 3 | 1 | 5 
Briogonum fasciculatum~.-. == 52-222 222222 2 Gf] ss <8 Sele ee 2 
iHeteromelesianbutitoliass=---42 42> see see 1 Dia AS Say ee [Ete oe scm: 1 
Quercus Guin Sawer e e 6 20 12 | 7 13 
QWETCUSiWiASHIZeNIS =p eee eee 5 1 Be aera Nees Aten Scns Se ree 1 
Salvia me\lliferas F225 eos aoe ee ae 2 S| se ee oe geen ge, a EA te 1 
Opher species sik a5. 5 eee ee = 17 11 8 | 6 110 
} 


1 See next list. 
