140 
Juniper, and Pinon; while the arroyos, or depressions in the mesas, 
contain fine groves of Mesquit. In the mountain valleys, gulehes and 
canyons, are Yellow Pine, Pinon, Dwarf Maple, and Serub Oak. On 
the higher ranges, at the north, in addition to the Pines, are found the 
White Spruce and Red Fir. Juniper is common on the foot-hills of 
this section. The river valleys are lined with Cottonwood, Box-Elder, 
several varieties of Willow, Alder, Ash, Sycamores, Cherries, and Mul- 
berries. On the southern plains, or wide sandy valleys, the prevailing 
growths are Yucca, Madrona, and Palo Verde (acacia). On mountain 
slopes the second growth is often Aspen. The elevated plain, which 
occupies the eastern portion of the Territory, has no forests, and is prac- 
tically treeless. The finest timbered regiop in New Mexico is in the 
southwestern part, and includes the Magdalena, Mogollon, Sierra Di. 
ablo, and other high ranges. Large bodies of Pine, Spruce, and Fir, 
‘suitable for lumber, are found here. In the northern mountains, at the 
headwaters of the Rio Pecos, there is some excellent timber. 
Viewing the Territory as a whole, the Yellow Pine is the most im- 
portant and useful tree, and furnishes a large proportion of the native 
lumber. 
The following is a list of the forest trees of New Mexico: 
Yellow Pine (Pinus ponderosa, Dougl.). 
White Pine (P. reflera and P. flexilis, Engelm.). , 
Black Pine, or Tamarack (P. Murrayana, Balfour). 
Pinus Chihuahuana, Engel. } 
Pifion, or Nut Pine (P. edulis, Engelm.). 
White Spruce (Picea Engelmanni, Engelm.). 
Red, or Yellow Fir (Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Carr.). 
White, or Balsam Fir (Abics concolor, Lindl. and Gordon). 
Juniper (Juniperus pachyphloea, Torr.). . 
Juniper (Juniperus occidetalis, Hook. var monosperma, Engl.). 
Red Cedar (Juniperus Virginiana, L.). 
Cypress (Cupressus Guadalupensis, Watson). 
Sycamore (Platanus Wrightiit, Watson). 
Box Elder (Negundo aceroides, Moench). 
Dwarf Maple (Acer glabrum, Torr.). 
Dwarf Maple (Acer granaidentatum, Nutt). 
Ash (Fraxinus pistaciefolia, Torr.). 
Walnut (Juglans rupestris, Engelm). 
Black Oak (Quercus Emoryi, Torr.). 
Locust (Robinia Neo-Mexicana, Gray). . 
Mesquit (Prosopis juliflora, D. C.). 
Cottonwood (Populus monilifera, Ait.). 
Cottonwood (P. angustifolia, James). 
Cottonwood (P. Fremontii var. Wislizeni, Watson). - 

Notr.—Estimates of forest areas differ widely for the same region. This results 
from the difference in the competency and carefulness of the observers, and from the 
fact that there is no accepted standard of estimate. Some include in forest lands not 
only those tracts which are densely or mainly covered with trees, but also grazing 
_ lands on which may be found only a few scattering pions or cedars. The estimates 
here given of the forest areas of New Mexico, as indeed all the estimates of forest areas 
embodied in this report, are designed to embrace only those which are strictly forest 
clad. The constant endeavor has been not to overestimate in this respect. 


