















































—— ——— . $$$ — x Fs aes AS ant ad Px 2 SS eee f ws 
Approximate area, 
square miles. : 
‘ sties Character of forest growth. Predominant species, Principal uses to which timber is applied. , Principal causes of forest destruction. Character of second growth. Meisures suggested nada protection of Noticeable changes in the flow and volume of ‘ater in streams. Effects of forests on the water supply. 
Entire Estimated . ; : J 
area forest area. 
i N 
e : Ny = eara SS ima es eae = <= {- : ; a ae are | - 
Ada ............-... ssaees 3, 500 50 Pine and Fir in the mountains ; Cottonwood and Willow along the | Pine and Fir. ................. Pine and Fir for lumber ; Cottonwood for fuel ...................... Fire, usually from carelessness ; some- Generally the same as the original....| Pus tho forests u :der the care and control of competent | Volume of water in the streams dependent on the snow-fall and me- | They tend to increase the water supply. 
. es age . Boisé River 2 oe 2 ee 4 ey ; be ; we , limes from natural causes. Haeercyigt \ teorological conditions in the mountains. . ) , 
Selita ne ‘ 16. TOO 2,500 Yellow and Black Pine, Red Fir, Spruce, Aspen, and Cottonwood..| Red Fir and Black Pine ...... Fir, Pine, and Spruce for lumber, mining timber, avd fuel; Aspen Lumbering and mining ; fires not very | Same as the original in most cases ; | Move abundant ¥ fcautions against forest fires ........-.. None observed, except with direct relation to th: annual rain-fall ..| But little in this county; amount of rain-fall or 
for fencing. destructive. Aspen often follows forest fires, ‘ precipitation determined by the condensation 
ae mh ee e as Vhi “A a E ’ . ’ : Gs ‘ , as caused by the mountain ranges. 
gg a ee 1, 200 40 White and Yellow Pine, White Fir, White Cedar, Mountain Ma- PBEIUG ANG RAG 2c cease Gace e Pine for building; dead timber of different kinds for fencing and | Fires and lamberinczeseaes seasaeeee Usually the same as the original.-.... Prevent fires and depredations ; encourage tree planting .| Flow of water in streams quite regular ; volume of water largely 
hogany, Cottonwood, and Aspen. fuel i determined by the snow-fall. 
Bingham... ..............- 13, 600 150) Red Fir (ranging in size from saplings to saw-timber), Cedar, and | Fir and Cottonwood .......... Fir for lumber; Cedar for fence posts; Cottonwood for fence posts | Local consumption Onlyaseoaaeee eee Fir, Pine, and Cottonwood............ Use timber economically ; encourage the building of wire | None noticed, except as caused by the use of waster for irrigation... 
: a) vottonwood. — le ie A ae : ei % ’ and fuel. aoe funces, and restrain stock from running at large. 
Boisé ............ qtttttees: =, 500 1,100 Pine, Fir, and Balsam, growing very large and forming extensive | Yellow and Black Pine, Red | Pine and Fir for Prpaldldang s Pal eanblOme uel Ps ese seek came eee et San) Shh nae Uh ee aE pariah FCT. J, ee Hinipree;more! stuctly the laws against trespassers and |...............-.0s----+eseccoceocecoeecce eceeeetbecoeeceeee.-c..... Forests prevent the snows from melting too rap- 
‘s . “ir ¢ 2¢ © 5 oy 6 ay . . = . . 
forests. Fir, and Balsam. fér the preventidn of fires. idly in the spring and protect the springs and 
' rivulets. 
. 20) - a ack Pi y = < . * = C fe AG y : ] 
CASSIA . . 22... 22200 0222+ eee 4, 30 100 | Yellow and Black Pine, Balsam, Fir, Pinon, Cedar, and Mountain Pinejand Wir. s2.-5.c. oe s ee Pine and Fir for coarse lumber ; Cedar for fence posts ; Pion and umberineiand) fires... -se.eee eee Same as the original «2. ae. as eee ee | cas a te CIM [55 seS QR SCOOT EB A aE eae ee (a bi ee aly tak) ER Ree ee Le | Suds Sekt ene eee oe ee 
z , Mahogany. ae x. é 7 " nate 2 Mountain Mahogany for fuel. 
Custer .......... TT eee ee ee 2, SUY 1, 900 Pine, Red and White F ir, and Cottonwood ; timber inferior in size..| Red and W hite Fir and Pine..} Pine and Fir for common lumber; Cottonwood for GILES Beiter fbi [al oles Sees MIR gee ae tar a ek ee EE Pine, Rea and) White Win. eeeeeeee eee i Ges ees PSMA eas meee cnn tine eclosion ce ccc Sole No special changes noticed during a period of seventeen years ..... 
NN eticwkc ater sbat atewnbusaeen 9, 200 1, 950 —— _— ee Cedar, Red and Ye low Fir ; some of the tim- Eine And Wins. s. sasee Pine for lumber ; Cedar and Fir for fencing eintaie Ps: asia tet aesitt tence TUT Oc eens Gate aes ch oes pecel gh ales Dah URRY Pine.andPir-22.23-- 23. “Shoot the scounWrels who fire INESTOPESts vite oe eociee Lees No changes GDSELVeGh: -. Glia fe taane ence at en 2 Se eee ak They keep the ground moist and promote rain- 
er very arge anc 4 ine. ‘ . | fall. 
Kootenai. ......... Se 4, 830 2,400 | Yellow aud Black Pine, Fir, Cedar, Cottonwood, Yew, Alder, and LETC ee ee ree a ed Bae Pine for building; Tamarack for dimension lumber and fencing; | Lumbering, railroads, and fire........ Black Pine predominates .-...........| Enforce the laws rictly and guard against forest fires ..| Less water in streams where the trees have beem cut off. .2_.-..2.. The headwaters of all important streams are 
: Willow ; timber the finest in the Territory. ‘ i | Fir for railroad-ties and fuel; Cedar for shing'es. protected and nourished by forests. 
aitspeaiiecdesersede 3, 870 2,100 | White and Black Pine and Fir; some of the Pine prowinsvery | Pine and Fir. ....-----cccenc.. SNe se ees ear ada <e AP esciateohec apes tee Foss ones ase ese Hire, mainly: Some losses, Caused be ee ae Sige Maas at Se ke | Ea eee nO em prea rer) mee rote Lett: WRN Ld ltd La - 
large. > ¥ soi Ft Fo Sot Sele cielaless s\e/eie.= m\e'einia|e\wininie(m wim eietm/ai=Volstm tia ereeye ke weer tere ee eee! ween m ee mene nw ween nee 
- ‘ Ben) | as A P R wind talls. 
SOD DONUOD sonic ccanesweness 3, 100 450 | Y ellow ana Black Pine, ted and White Fir, Cedar, and Larch ;much | Pine in the mountains ; Fir | Pine and Cedar for lumber ; Fir and Tamarack for fencing eC ed anne Ce aie rN wee ee ee FRY Stes cel one seetielnraciciels 2 ciele mabie cislsts ecto teen ene Os era eee Re eae ai slninstee sere wlamiaia(atee ats ete ee ce ie oe <a ee ee tee 
oa es ot the timber of iarge size. and Cedar at less elevations.| for shingles and fence posts. ay 
OBO ~~ ~~ ~~. seen eee - sees. <, 900 150 | Pine, Red Fir, Cedar, and Aspen ................. OSCE SSS eee psn oseinmin ce ante eae Pine for building ; Cedar for fence posts; dead Pine and Aspen for | Fire, lumbering, and railway construc-| Same as the first growth..............| Furnish seeds anf} cuttings gratis and offer a bonus for | The streams have diminished in volume and their flow is more in- | Forests prevent the snows from melting early in 
, = in = , hi: : s . : fuel. tion. planting. termittent. the spring and keep the streams alive. 
IWF RGB. . cecccccnceccsesesc i, 430 300 | Yellow and White Pine, Cedar, Aspen, and Cottonwood........... Se Raae geo iia aa Tae eran ern eRe Na ROMO O The Government thould control all timber lands, and pro- URE) Seerpine Ses> SsURBOM OEP SE oaG qaBeeS acts eke a-/eBete sey heer ae ries 
- = ON 90 al White Fir, Yellow and White Pi hi : ‘ : vide for their prptection. : , 
SHOSBOME ~~~. 000 eee sees -eeee- a a 1,900 | Red and White ir, Leow anc ute Pine, White Spruce, Hem- | :.................. See Cone C White and Yellow Pine for lumber; Cedar, Red Fir, and Tama- | None as yet, the county being newly | Scrub Pine and Cedar, Hemlock {and | Maa Maamnnnin MAMORON i oe None observed during a period of three years .. ....-.............. 
: re lock, ‘I amarack edar, Yew, and several minor species. fe rack for mining timber, charcoal, and fuel. settled: Spruce. 
Washington ..............- . =, aa 900 White and Black Pine, Red and White Fir, Hemlock, and Balsam ; | Pine............... eines -----| Pine and Fir for building and fencing ; Tamarack for shir gles’... Mores oriresisas eae seco Sizer | ASDOM 25 cuneate Nac ace a Guard against the petting of fires by campers in the mount-| The streams reach a low stage earlier in the season than was the | All streams are, in a measure, dependent on the 
but little undergrowth. ans . case ten years ago. forests. 
20) ee ah —— 86, 230 15, 990 | 
| 
B 4. : : 
J 
MONTANA. 
DiGGrOr SOG «oak. ceccates< 2, 800 1, 100 Red Fir, White and Black Pine, White Spruce, and Cottonwood s. -} Fir, Pine, and Spruce whsterereiuhave Pine, Fir, and Spruce for building and fencing ; Cottonwood for fuel. UTC aie ve SP ee eee roe eae ee Same as the original species {fee aoa The laws for the prevention of forest fires should Deulaaere alaia/e\e [alas cl —imn)=inmin = ol diana nial ainaiatel olen w\cidche em alee ae oe Ce Ee ne ee ] 
| | | . . | 
aad ee = at ; : strictly enforced 
Choteau DOR Mae IN 26, 600 350 | White Pine, Red Fir, and Cottonwood ........... *126- Se Pine! 22- eee es eee Pine and Fir for lumber; Cottonwood for fuel ..............-..--... Lumbering; but little danger trom fire.| Pine ........----2-ee-2eeeeeeece--- Thin out the timbdr in places where it stands*too dense ..| A slight increase in volume during the last two years, caused by a | 
| | | greater rain-fall. 
ROE castles ninth isaac eatGenie 20, 000 200 PITT Tote Sets rn nnes ioc ane ee Ree | y Tite a aay el ner ae CS eer oan Oe ter nema naa oer et ee Ok aed ya ei Maha AS (al Ne ack Mth) j Ue peace Pema ie SS ie rel cn abasislotiattceule uence wa s0 valoes ese cee aR EM wore eee, 
| } . 
RON weiratcuninwanacd «conic 2, 700 00 fon ass wns ees en cs vane een sede senus ae ee MI 0c 58S eg SN ne nena Seite onto bmn einer sabe eM Pee UM Leela alee ge Pah ee ey aol Sorc: =] Bo -cgGt 232 cage Oat: eee A Eo ASA en ete ee St ps Aes Ie arma 3 1” || ee en 
\ 
Deer Lodge......-...-...-.-. », OU0 2,400 | Red F ir, White and Yellow Pine and Cedar. “ Lodge-pole” Pine | Fir and Lodge-pole Pine ..... | Fir and Pine for lumber and MUNIN OM Dereesee lense eee eee Horestifires east tsb ae enn ea Modge-pole Pine eee se sse eee ee Prevent fires by wandering Indians, and the wholesale | None observed ; the streams are constant and regular in their flow.| The extensive forests in the county maintain 
. eet ry BLN hal alent. ; ; ee “ : ‘ Ea Gt ; cutting of timber by raiJway companies. the streams at a good stage at all seasons. 
Fergus ion dacnedanine Saedes 4, 000 700 | Yellow and White Pine, Fir, Box Elder, and Cottonwood......._... Pingian di Mires os ast tee | Yellow Pine and Fir for lumber; White Pine for small buildings | Fires and INO Cin Ores eee eee Usually the same as the original ...... Have paid agents in each county, with power to summon | Volume of water diminished and flow more intermittent than for- | Forests arrest the extreme desiccation of the at- 
| | and fence poles; Cottonwood and Box Elder for fuel. ¢ : evo-rybody to put out tires. merly; caused by violent rain-storms and denucation of the forest mosphere and rapid surface-drainage into the 
} “ “ 
, ‘> . = "Es . 7 3 , ; i and undergrowth. streams. 
Gahaun -..-...+2---+--++---- 7, 100 1, 600 | Yellow and White Pine (including Lodge-pole Pine), Fir and Cotton. | Pine .............02.sceceeee-. Fir for building, Pine for fencing and fuel.............--....2.2---. Fire and snow-slides............-.... PING: ohea soso nec oe Esté ‘lish a thorough police system for the prevention of | No marked changes during the last seven years ......-..-.......... They tend to hold the snow on the mountains, 
wood. fit. und depredation. keeping the ground moist and cool, and pro- 
ie ae " “ x 2 ‘ : moting the condensation of moisture. 
ee eee in 2 200 350 | Yellow and White Pine, Spruce, aud Cottonwood ._................ Pine and Spruce.......-...... Pine and Spruce for lumber, mining timber, fuel, and charcoal; Cot- Lumbering and railroads ...........- Pineiand Sprucei-casessseeeeeee ------| Severt penalties for the wasteful use of lumber and the | Water not so plentiful, and droughts more frequent than in former 
: , ° > = : ae = > ; tonwood for fuel and charcoal. settiig of forest fires, years. 
Lewis and Clarke............ 2, 100 400 | Red Fir, Yellow and White Pine and Cottonwood .................. Ping,:2esee 2 Dee eee Ae RL, Pine for building, Fir tor bridges, fences, ete ................-..... SPIT GASPS thc. ea eh anes ahd od Same as the original growth.......--. Strict. aws for the prevention of forest fires, and officers | None reported. 
- : ; Whi ro. Ds > — ‘ | 4 ‘ 4 ae : Any { specially constituted to enforce the laws. | ; ae , 
PNOUN 5 wan senses ceonsec nes 4, 500 900 hite and Yellow Pine, Red Fir, and Cottonwood.................. are OO tes Js oe eet UE ils | White Pine for lumber, log buildings, and fencing; Red Fir for | Forest fires and mining operations..-.| White Pine +2. 2.2ss2a0 ee enone Fires ¢ used by eampers and from refuse left by lumber- | Where the timber has been removed floods are more common and | Forests of the county not sufficiently extensive 
= = lw : White P} : : ; | _ framing and mine timbering. : : men + 1ould he strictly guarded against. ; _the annual water flow is less and more intermittent. to greatly affect the water supply. 
Meagher .......... en 5, 700 1,100 | Ye llow and White Pine, Spruce, Fir, Mountain Mahogany, Aspen, Sproceand Pnewen. eee es. Pine, Spruce, and Fir fur lumber; White Pine for fencing ; Cotton- | Fire at present; probably railroads | Spruce and Pine............... -ee----| Local fi rest ofticers, with authority to suppress fires, | None observed during the last twenty years. 
’ : ~ ae © _Cottenw — ete. = . a F ; c ; wood tor fuel. : . and lumbering in the future. make errests, ete. | - 
Miasoula ........... is 24, 500 16,200 | Yellow ar «a White I ine, Red and W hite Fir, White Spruce, Tam- Yellow Pineand White Spruce | Pine, Spruce, and Fir for building and railway and mining timber; | Fire, lumbering, and MA WAY Sf ose ee Generally the same as the first growth.} Prevent orest fires. and the manufacture and export of | No particular changes noticed) --..--..<.... s.cseh.---eccs-cu-c. .. Forests are essential to a good water supply. 
= _arat k, Cedar, Larch, Balsam, Balm of Gilead, Birch, ete. , Balm of Gilead for fencing, fuel, ete. E lumber hy large ¢ompanies. 
fe as ee ee 576 60 ¥ dion and White Pine, Red Fir, White Sprace, Cottonwood, and | Fir, Spruce, and Pine ........ | The demand for lumber, mine timbers, and fuel will soon exhaust Lumbering, mining operations, and | ‘‘None; lifeistooshortin this latitude | The case is hopeless, timber being so scarce and the con- | Flow of water intermittent and greatly diminished; floods and 
~¥ oe = | p; illow earndiel : eS : pare ‘ | _ the supply. hs fuel. to wait for a second growth. ” sumption ‘o great. droughts irequent. _ , 
Yellowstone ....... oe aetinatets 3, G00 25 | Pine, Cedar, and Cottonwood ; no forests 0 NAIC OG se eis sae Sa) ate Pine in the hills; Cottonwood | Pine for building; Cedar and Cottonwood for fencing and fuel ..__. Fires and dumiberingwessete ene ae Same as the original, if any 22ers Enforce the aws deainst cutting timber and poles for | The present season (1886) exceptionally dry, the streams low, and 
on the Yellowstone River. | commerci, urpfses and setting or carelessly leaving small ones have disappeared; can not say the change is perma- 
. ? ; “a = P = . fires, nent. 
Crow Indian Reservation -. 7, 200 700 | Pine, Fir, and Spruce ............ oescoel Ss UCRCOGHRR REECE SE ane eee aA ao cei” Se aunt vegan In WRC tee eee aeee ei Peter Cp pears) eral thy) Kalan ie SERRE A capa yan Ca dimer | Ve Rese Hedy SEG oe eee Mer heen see Ween al A Coe Ree h nM OhL BECO Coe Geel Sek |. aM (| ele (eR Sit Nee eee | ed ios WE ee! 
—EE ss ee \ See ee Sera vem ecee Tn ete TEKIN SIE POTENT SEF I OT IOI ICE NK tec 
| 
Totals ...... aseeewansf 34% 996 26, 285 | 
- : WYOMING. : x * us . = a 
<= ~ 
‘ NS TP i a ze tA - = Pad te. 3 es 
ueven ; eS ae ese ESS = = 
Albany . ...2,.--.---+----.--. 6, 922 $40 pee ppt _ Pine, Spruce, Red Cedar, Aspen, Cottonwood, | Pine and Spruce .............. Pine for lumber; Spruce for railroad ties ani Lumbering, railways, and fires ....._. Same as the original ..............--.. Rigidly enforce the laws agains trespassers ..-..------... No changes noticed as yet; some think there is more snow andrain 
we OX der. Spey i “ ; = 
4 » ppost ; i an P A and Box Elver for fuel. than formerly. 
Carbon ...-..-.-++--+2+-+ +22. 13, 526 1,360 | ¥ ree _ White Pine, Tamarack (or ‘Lodge-pole” Pine), and [euWhuiteub verso. pence sa eeeey Lumber, railway ties, mining timber, fencing, IT Cen Seen eee ace ee Moet eee oe Pine—and same as the former growth.| Protection from fire and CONPOLAUIONS senae Vonee sete eee ee As yet, not sufficient timber has been destroyed to greatly affect | Bodies of timber tend to increase the rain-fall. 
en | | the streams. 
. —) . 4 ae oad > os Sa a> ‘ . ; + . * * i 
Crook .........+.-.....-.... 10, 709 400 | Yellow Pine, Red Cedar, Oak, and Cottonwood... ........ tree ee eee. NMellowpP inet. ses seat eee Pine for lumber; the other kinds for fencing and fuel Lumbering and fires.....:.:-.<...--.. l;samelas thevirst.casssces eo ee ee eee gS POLTUMLPITTAC OH th LYRE ore eee ee Floods and droughts more frequent than in former years; cause not 
2 a: - | certainly known. 
. ). 957 - * W an 2p a. > i ? @ i) . ‘ . . . C 2 . A fe A 5 “t . § ~ . o ° . fe 
Fremont...............- as <0, 994 3,300 Yellow and White Pine, Lodge-pole Pine, Red Cedar, and Cotton- | Pine and Cedars imeccscomees: a: Pine for lumber, fencing, and fuel; Cedar for IM OKEST HIMESH ER Meee ae eee Pine, in the mountains..--.. ~---------.| Protection against |firés............-..-..-..---.--. ee Ae Rain-fall and flow of water in smaller streams said tobe increasing | Snow in the mountain forests melts more gradu- 
wood. wood for fuel. slightly. ally than on bare surfaces; and thus forests 
aia “ell i White Pi White § : prevent floods. 
hr r 1 a & * W es . ~ 3 - ‘ 7 71.3 > ta * . . . 4 : . : . 5 . . * * * . . > . - = 
ee eS 11, 121 1,800 ¥ = 0 xs v sat on x hite Spruce, Aspen, Oak, Cottonwood, | White Pine and White Spruce.| Pine and Spruce for lumber; the other kinds fo (fencing, fuel, etc..| Fires, and the reckless destruction of Usually Pine, if anything ........__- Prevent forest fires, and enforce the law against cutting | There is less water in streams, and the fiow is more intermittent, | Forests increase the water supply. 
La | Pi 70k ECOL BUC WIOWS. Pa young trees. é trees less than 8 inches in diameter. where the timber has been cut from the headwaters. ¢ ; ; 
saeccee “<< 11, 200 sep ine and ( EOI OO a nn Son ee cs <j} ENG cowaw roe- Sassen Fencing and fuel; no timber of sufficent size fo tottttt essen see seeere sees eos seeeee---.| Pine and Cottonwood, ifany......... Peano mclanisine nathan ann nn wenn nn eeneeseeeee---e-+-------| Volume increased, and flow more continuous; cause assigned tothe Not sufficient timberin county to affect the water 
== 0| Pj Spruce, Cedar, Aspe id extensive irrigation systems ; supply. 
oweetwater. --....--...+.---. ae, WY 40 ane, WpFuce, wedar, Aspen, and Cottonwood Wiiara.->....--.....- eee CON a Ate re a teres eee Fencing and fuel; but little timber suitable foi] Amber ............|..22.2-.c0ceeeceececececececoece-cee ee. Same as the original, but very scanty (Mame ee No special change in streams observed ; rains infrequent of late... 
Tine 2 14 é Thite ge-pole Pine é : . é j : ‘ growth. | : : ! z 7 : : ; : “ : 
Uinta.......... bial a a 12, 140 4,400 | White and Lodge-pole Pine ...-..-1)iaus (mm iaeee sss... Lodge-pole Pine .............. Lumber, railway ties, fencing, and other domes}{c uses Fires set by the Indians.............. Pine’ si. ssi Lee cen eee ee Prevent depredaticas and setting of fires by the Indians .| Volume of waater greater in some of the larger streams, from in- | FE orests tend to increase the water supply; heavy 
} } creased rain-fall: andless in some of the smaller Streams, from rains and snows follow the timber belts. 
¥ . t e on , rhs . , = } 4 destruction of timber at their sources. 
Yellowstone National Park 3, 250 1,840 | ¥ robot and White Pine, Lodge-pole Pine, Red Cedar, Aspen, and Fay ee et Ege Ole ltteer oc aon ae cane sar onsen Fas fe anv una geeiumems NSS: ge en sk AN SO ee eae SSL Sea tons Oe ae gov worNeviones tinder the special supervision of offi-|..-........0<-sss00-sscre-aseeceeoesecccrccececcoc tee cce. ccc... 
Jotton wood. cers of the General Government, and it is presumed the 
forests will be preserved. 
TOQUE cctics choo donee v 100, 375 12, 060 | 







24738—To face page 152-1 

