155 
Leaves single—Continued. 
Firs: 
With a delicately-pointed bract attached to the back and extending 
beyond the end of each scale. ................ 13 
With bracts not extending beyond the ends of the scales: 
Cones cylindrical, slender (2 to over 5 inches long); leaves 1 to 14 
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| Leaves rather thick and stiff, on stout branches ; cones erect, scales deciduous: 
) inches long, glossy, and with white lines on 
D>) Db 
TESS tahiti eben ladda cated Ren aed caus 15 
Cones broadly ovate stout (23 to 5 inches long); leaves 1 to 3 inches 
TORGY DEIG PUCGED Se a adv uhie's tube tee wae ies 16 
Cones narrowly ovate (2 to 3 inches long): 
Leaves broad, thick, dense, acutely pointed, and attached by a broad 
RAS ota Ceiater ahead ata ta | gate et he eto) Shiela eal ina 14 
Seattered (but somewhat 2-ranked) on the branches, thin, very concave on 
the underside; with a sharp ridge or keel on 
the upper side, and tapering suddenly to a 
short needle-point: YEW ---..... yee eee 27 
Leaves scale-like, 2 cpposite, overlapping (sometimes 3 in a whorl) on the 
branchlets: 
Leaves (scales) blunt or only slightly acute; fruit a cone; heart-wood 
‘ chiefly brownish: CEDARS, ete. : 
Forming rather long flat branchlets; cones ovate, made up of a few loose 
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Forming short 4-angled branchlets; cones ball-like, made up of a few 
scales, each with a hooked protuberance. .... 23 
Leaves (scales) needle-pointed, or at least sharp-pointed ; fruit a berry, or nut- 
like; heart-wood chiefly reddish: JUNIPERS: 
Forming 4-angled branchlets: 
Foliace whitish; fruit large, 4 an inch in diameter. ...-........---..-.. 24 
Foliage whitish, but with smaller fruit, + of an inch in diameter.-....... 25 
Foliage glossy green (or tawny in winter); fruit less than + of an inch 
in diameter, with scale-like points.......-.-.- 26 
BROAD-LEAVED TREES. 
Leaves simple; i. e., the blade of one piece and not more modified than by 
lobes or teeth. 
A.—Leaves set alternately! on the branches. 
° Branches armed: 
a. With true thorns; fruit apple-like (not in size): TAWTHORNsS: 
Leaves smooth, or with few hairs only on the veins; fruit blackish .... 53 
Or with a few hairy generally distributed over theupper surface ; 
LG ROD UTDIG cine seach a nua sen oe eee Sock 54 
. Leaves downy (sometimes smooth) above; fruit red-orange ..... Se 5d 
| b. With thorn-like branchlets; fruit berry-like or a plum: 
Leaves small, + to # of an inch long; fruit berry-like, with scanty flesh, 
| Witt Mesh DUCKDIMAORN - sctcnw saves -2- 404 29 
Leaves much larger and longer; fruit a plum, fleshy, without a beak: 
PLUMS: 
Co SOARS Oly al FC) a ee 43 
eee KUO CHMONE ik ocd n Gd spdele datas wardes snaw'es snc cce soonee 42 

