
161 
is among the hardiest of the Conifers, and grows in the most arid and 
exposed sites, usually occupying southern exposures. It occurs at ele- 
vations between 4,500 and 6,500 feet. It does not attain as large a size 
in the Rocky Mountains as in the California Sierras, although in Mon- 
tana sometimes reaching 100 feet in height, and 6 to 7 feet in diameter. 
The wood is quite resinous, of a reddish color, with a handsome grain, 
and is largely employed for lumber, railroad ties, mining timber, and 
somewhat for interior finish. 
Description.—Leaves in threes (often in twos), 3 to 6 inches long, brush-like at the 
ends of the branchlets; persistent three years. Cones 2 to 5 inches long (or more), 
gray-brown, with strong prickles. Bark very thick, in old trees, 5 to 4 inéhes. 
$.—CHINUAHUA PINE. (Pinus Chihuahuana, Engelm.) 
Somewhat rare and of limited range; found on rocky slopes of south- 
western New Mexico (extending into southern Arizona and northern 
New Mexico), at elevations between 5,000 and 7,000 feet; 30 to 70 feet 
high, 14 feet in diameter. Wood light and strong. 
Description.—Leaves mostly in threes (twos and fours also), 24 to 3} inches long: 
cones on stems } to # an inch long, 14 to 24 inches long; dark brown, with short del- 
icate prickles. 
9.—BLACK PINE. LODGE-POLE PINE. TAMARACK. (Pinus Mur- 
rayana, Balfour.) 
Rather abundant throughout the Rocky Mountain region, extending 
westward and northward, but more common in the northern portion, 
forming large forests of pure growth. It is said, however, to attain its 
greatest size in southern California—60 to 100 feet, with a diameter of 
over 3 feet.* 
Usually found growing in siightly moist or dry gravelly soil between 
6,000 and 9,000 feet elevation. The wood is soft and light, not unlike 
that of the White Pines; employed to some extent for lumber, railroad 
ties, and much for “lagging ” in mines. 
Description.—Leaves in twos, 1 to 3 inches long, but chiefly 2 inches, with fine 
teeth. Cones 2 to3 inches long, reflexed, and with delicate recurved prickles. Bark 
very thin and sealy, grayish-brown. Crown conical. Resembles the Scrub Pino 
(Pinus contorta, Dougl.), but distinguished from it by having longer and wider leaves, 
as well as by a much thinner bark. 
10.—WHITE SPRUCE. SINGLE Spruce. (Picea alba, Link.) 
A large and important timber tree, growing in rather wet soil on the 
borders of ponds and streams, reaching over 100 feet in height and 2 to- 
5 feet in diameter. In the Rocky Mountain region it occurs only in 
northern Montana, and attains its greatest size in the Flathead region 


* When growing in thickets it is often imperfectly developed, and is called ‘* Lodge- 
pole Pine ;” such trees sometimes being over fifty years old, with a diameter of not 
more than 6 to 8 inches. 
24738—Bull 2——11 

