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25.—“Rocky MOUNTAIN JUNIPER.” (Juniperus occidentalis, Hooker, 
var. monosperma, Kugel.) 
A seraggy, stunted tree, occupying low, dry hills between 3,500 and 
7,000 feet elevation. It ranges through southern Colorado, New Mex- 
ico (and westward through southern Arizona to southern California), 
In some localities it forms pure growths, but is chiefly associated with 
the Nut Pine (Pinus edulis) and Juniperus pachyphlaa, together forming 
the principal timber growth of the hilly sections; 25 to 50 feet in height, 
and 14 feet or more in diameter. Wood rather light and soft, but very 
durable in contact with the soil, and employed largely for fuel and 
fencing. 
Deseription.—Leaves in twos (alternate cpposite pairs) and threes, fringed. Ber- 
ries blue-black or copper-colored, resinous-tleshy ; one to two, or more, grooved seeds 
in each berry. Branches short, horizontal, and often from the ground. 
26.—RED CEDAR. SAVIN. (Juniperus Virginiana, Linn.) 
A valuable tree, and one of the most widely distributed of the North 
American Conifers. It is a very adaptive species, but the character of 
the soil has much to do with its success as a timber tree; in bottom- 
lands it reaches a height of nearly 100 feet, with a diameter of 3 feet or 
more, while in dry, barren soil it is a small, slow-growing tree, or little 
more than a shrub. In the Rocky Mountain region it occurs chiefly in 
the mountains of Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, and Idalro (alsothrough 
eastern United States and north of the boundary). The timber is light, 
soft, and possesses remarkable durability in contact with the soil. It 
is employed principally for posts, ties, and cabinet work. 
Description.—Leaves scale-like, in twos, sometimes in threes, mostly in alternate 
opposite pairs, of two forms: on young plants and shoots, needle-pointed and some- 
what spreading; on mature branchlets, awl-pointed and closely overlapping; bright 
glossy green to tawny brown in winter; midrib indistinct. Branchlets slender, four- 
angled. Berries small, ovate, smooth, but with few sinall, scaly protuberances ; 
whitish with bloom. 
27.—YEW. (Taxus brevifolia, Nutt.) 
A somewhat rare and small tree as it occurs at its eastern limit in the 
Rocky Mountains of western Montana and Idaho. In its more westerly 
range, however (through Washington Territory and Oregon to central 
California), it attains a much larger size, 40 to 70 feet in heightand if to24 
feet in diameter. It generally prefers a moist, rich soil, and on the Pa- 
cific Coast is much associated with Lambert’s Pine and the Douglas 
Spruce. The wood is hard, durable, and very elastic, and is used con- 
siderably for fence posts, tool-handles, bows, ete. 
Description.—Leaves scattered, { to 1 inch long, narrow, flat, curved, sharp-pointed, 
ri= bed above, on yellowish footstalks; yellowish glossy green above, whitish (glaucous 
below. Fruit solitary, borne on the under side of the branches, amber-red or yellow- 
ish brow Branches long, slender, and pendulous; bark yellowish. ~ 


