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31.—BEARBERRY. Bran Woop. Suirrm Woop. (Rhamnus 
Purshiana, De Candolle.) 
A shrub or small tree, 6 to 25 feet in height, and from 4 to 12 inches 
jn diameter. It oceurs in northern Montana and Idaho (also along 
the Pacific coast from northern California to Washington Territory). 
Generally associated with conifers in canyons and low places. The 
wood is light and hard, but brittle, being of little importance. The 
bark, however, has of late become an important article of of commerce, 
being extensively employed for oflicinal purposes under the name of 
| Cascara sagrada. 
Description.—-Leaves chiefly alternate, elliptical, 14 to 34 inches long, 14 to 1} inches 
broad, finely toothed on the margin, and somewhat downy below. The fruit is 
berry-like, black, 3-lobed, larger at the top, 3-seeded, and borne in clusters on rather 
long stems from the axils of leaves; about + of an inch in length. Young branches 
and stems of the leaves woolly. 
SAPINDACE A: SOAPBERRY FAMILY. 
32.—SPANISH BuckEyE. (Ungnadia speciosa, Endlicher.) 
_Ashrub or small tree, 20 to 30 feet in height and 6 to 12 inches in 
diameter, found growing abundantly on moist bottoms and rich slopes 
of southern New Mexico (western Texas, and northern Mexico). The 
wood is soft, rather heavy, but lacking in strength. The fruit and leaves 
are said to be poisonous. 
Description.—Leaves compound, composed of from 3} to 54 pairs of leaflets, 
which are on very short stems, ovate, lance-shaped, and with a rather long point; 
the margins have fine, or large and distant teeth; in length the leaflets vary from 2. 
to 4 inches and from # to 1% inches in width. Shell of fruit thin, smooth, brown, 
strongly 3-lobed, containing as many dark, shiny nuts about 4 an inch in diameter. 
‘The flowers appear in advance of the leaves in small lateral clusters. Young shoots 
and leaf-stalks downy. 
33.—WILD CHINA. SOAPBERRY. (Sapindus marginatus, Willdenow.) 
_A rather large and somewhat important tree, occurring in southern 
New Mexico (and Arizona; eastward through the Gulf States to the 
Atlantic coast). It grows chiefly in mountain valleys and river-bottoms, 
attaining its largest size in eastern Texas, 10 to 60 feet in height, with 
adiameter of $ to 14 feet. The wood is heavy, hard, and strong; it: 
Splits easily, and is extensively used in the manufacture of cotton 
baskets. 
Description.—Leaves compound; leaflets nine to eighteen, arranged in opposite 
pairs or alternate, lance-ovate, hooked, unequal sided, unsymmetrical; veins promi- 
nt above. Fruit globular, berry-like, borne in the axils of leaves. 
By 

