177 






























in height and 1 foot or more in diameter, often forming dense growths 
E . . : 3 : : 
along streams and in valleys. [tis found in southwestern New Mexico, 
southwestern Colorado (eastern Washington Territory and Oregon; 
also ranging through the eastern half of the United States and north 
of the boundary). The wood is heavy and hard, but rather brittle. 
Deseription.—Leaves varying in length from 1} to 4} inches, and from 1 to 3 inches 
in width; oval to broadly ovate or slightly oblong-ovate, sharp-pointed or rounded ; 
at the base tapering sharply, somewhat wedge-shaped, or rounded; margin usu- 
ally ent with large teeth (sometimes lobe-like), which are themselves finely toothed 
(doubly serrate); upper surface smooth, or more or less downy, asare the leaf-and 
flower-stems. Fruit globular to slightly pear-shaped, 2 to nearly } of an inch in diam- 
eter, light red or orange-colored; edible. Thorus 1 to 23 inches long, thick and 
sharp. 
CAPRIFOLIACEA: HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 
D6.—ELDER. (Sambucus glauca, Nuttall.) 
' A large shrub or tree, sometimes attaining a height of 20 to 25 feet, 
with a diameter of 6 to 12inches. Itis found abundantly in the Wah- 
~ satch Mountaius of central Utah, usually along valleys in a dry soil, 
but is met with chiefly on the Pacific coast, extending from Mexico to 
British Columbia and northward. The wood is light, soft, and little 
esteemed. As an ornamental tree it is quite popular, being used con- 
siderably for this purpose. 
| Description.—Leaves compound, with 24 to 4$ pairs of ovate or oblong lance- 
Shaped leailets, which vary in length from 1$ to 44 inches, and in width from 
gto 14 inches; base of the leatlet acute and often with unequal sides Cuniqui- 
lateral); apex usually’ with long thin point; margin sharply toothed; generally 
smooth (but sometimes slightly pubescent). Fruit ina flat-topped cluster, black, but 
covered with a dense white bloom—a striking characteristic. Pith of young branches 
white, 
OLEACEZ: OLIVE FAMILY. 
57.—"“ SINGLE-LEAF ASH.” (fravinus anomala, Torrey.) 
Abundant on shady hillsides and plateaus. A small tree, rarely more 
than 20 feet in height and 35 to 6 inches in diameter, occurring in south- 
ern Utah and southwestern Colorado. The wood is hard, heavy, and 
coarse-grained. 
Deseription.—An anomalous species, lacking the usual compound leaf peculiar to 
other ashes. Leaves simple, opposite, 1 to 2 inches long, ovate, orbicular or heart- 
shaped (chiefly the latter), often with a broad notch at the end, mostly rounded ahove 
or with short point ; margin entire or with shallow, rounded teeth; sometimes smooth, 
but usually more or less downy on the under eantioes, as are the leaf-stems and young 
shoots, but more densely so. Seeds ? to fof an inch long, ovate, pointed at the base, 
rounded and with notch above, strongly veined in the center. Young shoots often 
strongly quadrangular, with thin raised ridge (wing) at the angles. 
24738—Bull 2——12 

