188 
smaller tree than the better known Big Cottonwood, seldom reaching a 
height of more than 30 or 50 feet, and 14 feet in diameter. The timber 
is very light and soft. 
Description.—Leaves smooth both sides, chiefly ovate-lance-shaped (sometimes nar. 
rowly lance-shaped), with a long tapering point, mostly rounded at the base, or some- 
times tapering slightly at the base; margin with small rounded teeth. Branches 
round, with smooth bark. 
85.—COTTONWOOD. CAROLINA POPLAR. BiG CorTonwoop. NECK- 
LACE POPLAR. (Populus monilifera, Aiton.) 
The common cottonwood along the eastern base of the Rocky Moun. 
tains (and eastward to the Atlantic Coast). Itis abundant on all the 
vater-courses, and valuable chiefly for the rapidity of its growth. The 
timber is of little commercial importance, yet it is considerably used 
for cheap lumber, light fuei, and in the manufacture of paper-pulp; 
unless well protected, it decays rapidly when exposed to the weather. 
In western towns this tree is largely employed as a shade tree, as it 
reaches a desirable size in a comparatively short time, and is therefore 
often preferred to other trees. It grows to a height of over 100 feet, 
and 4 to 6 feet in diameter. . 
Description.—Leaves broadly triangle-shaped, somewhat heart-shaped or truncated 
at the base, long-pointed; margin with blunt incurved, hairy teeth. Young branches 
angled, but becoming round with age. 
86.—COTTONWOOD. WHITE Corronwoop. (Populus Fremontti, Wat 
| son, var. Wislizent, Watson.) | 
This species is found in southern Colorado, through New Mexico 
(western Texas, Arizona, southern California), and is the prevailing Cot- 
tonwood of the arid localities; rather abundant along streams in open - 
country, but quite rare on precipitous sites. It is a large tree, com- 
monly attaining a height of 50 to 80 feet, with a diameter of 3 to 4 feet. 
The wood is soft and light, but supplies the ordinary fuel of the region. 
Description.--Leaves broadly triangle-shaped, sharp-pointed, somewhat wedge- 
shaped or truncate, and with more or less broad shallow sinuses at the base; margin 
with a few distant, blunt (occasionally incurved) teeth. Young bark yellowish, but 
becoming gray with age. 
LILIACEA: LILY FAMILY. 
(The plants belonging to this family are termed endogenous or inside growers, the woody stems 
being made up of a mingled mass of fibers, and not marked by annual rinzs as in the pines, maples, 
elms, ete.—exogenous or outside growers. ] 
87.—SPANISH BAYONET. (Yucca elata, Engelmann.) 
A small tree, with a trunk usually not more than 10 to 15 feet in 
height and 4 to 7 inches in diameter. It is commonly met with in the 
dry gravelly soil of table-lands, ranging through western Texas, Ari- 
zona to Utah (probably in New Mexico), and southward into Mexico ; 
wood light, soft, and brittle. 

