a2 Ss 
was shipped from Florida. 11/ The six commodities referred to are oranges, 
grapefruit, string beans, green corn, potatoes, and tomatoes. For example, 
total rail costs of shipping oranges exceeded truck charges to all eastern, 
southern, and midwestern markets analyzed here, by as much as 61 cents per 
100 pounds to Dallas, and by as little as 1 cent per 100 pounds to Boston. 
To the most important markets for Florida oranges, total costs of shipping 
by rail exceeded truck costs by the following amounts: New York--1l cents, 
Philadelphia--27 cents, Chicago--21 cents, The excess of rail over truck 
costs was less for New York and Boston than for other eastern, southern, or 
midwestern markets because certain refrigeration services were free to the 
former markets. 
Total costs of shipping by rail (including cartage costs) were higher 
than truck charges to ail eastern, southern, and midwestern markets for 
snap beans and green corn,.as well as for oranges. In the case of grape- 
fruit, potatoes and tomatoes, total costs of shipping by rail were higher 
than truck charges to most, but not all, eastern, southern and midwestern 
markets, 
On the other hand, for cabbage anc celery, total costs of shipping 
by rail were lower than truck charges to most markets. In the case of 
cabbage, rail costs were higher only to Atlanta and Philadelphia. For 
celery, rail costs were higher only to Atlanta and Dallas and were on a 
par with truck charges at Philadelphia, 
The foregoing discussion refers to eastern, southern, and midwestern 
markets analyzed here, To the six western markets considered here, Denver 
and westward, rail costs were lower than truck charges for all commodities. 
There were only a fer exceptions, all involving Denver. At this market, 
truck charges were lower than rail costs for oranges and grapefruit and 
were equal to each other for potatoes, 
Rail Rates Plus Refrigeration Charges vs. Truck Charges.--The fore- 
going conclusions also apply in general if cartage costs were not added to 
the basic rail freight rates plus refrigeration costs. For one commodity 
es 
11/ The area for which the computation was made is as follows: The States 
east of the Mississippi River, the first tier of States west of the River, 
and Texas, All 12 markets covered by this study which are located east of 
Denver are within that area, In 1952, about 98 percent of the total rail- 
road shipments of Florida oranges and grapefruit went to the States in that 
area=-99 percent of the celery, 9 percent of the potatoes, and 98 percent 
of the tomatoes, These figures are based on the Carload Waybill Statistics, 
1952, Statement No, 5327, published by the Interstate Commerce Commission, 
a sample analysis of railroad traffic movements, The only statistics of 
both rail and truck movements of Florida fresh fruits and vegetables are 
for the 18.markets analyzed in this survey. Of the total unloads at these 
markets of the eight major commodities studied here, 97 percent were at the 
12 eastern, southern, and midwestern markets, and only 3 percent at Denver 
and markets farther westward. 
