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MANAGEMENT OF YELLOW PINE. 55 
administration. An estimate based on past experience shows the 
cost per 1,000 feet board measure, under favorable conditions, to be: 

AES eee EAA Te OM Otee Sell) Creer ere he ale NS ST EN $0. 02 
PIT ebr cin pea cere naire nee Ae ee es) eT oe ee es . 04 
SS CERIN omen cme ne eee steew CN ae | Ee ate ea eee 15 
TBF CUDA ate) OVD eRe HUGE ee ieee ee ee ge ee ese . 03 
Genera PeAGMEMISET A OMe aes ec 2 ee et eee al) 
. 34 
Assuming that 34 cents is an average figure for operations of any 
magnitude, it does not seem an excessive figure to pay for conservative 
management, including scaling. A private company could probably 
supervise conservative logging on a very large operation for a less 
amount. 
REFORESTATION. 
As already explained, with a reasonable number of seed trees, under 
favorable conditions of soil and moisture, natural reproduction of 
western yellow pine is almost certain. Where timber is cut from a 
stand already overmature, and the danger from windfall, fungus, 
and insects makes it impracticable to leave seed trees, planting or 
sowing will eventually be necessary. Between 4 and 5 per cent of 
the total area of the National Forests in Arizona and New Mexico, or 
approximately a million and a quarter acres, will require more than 
a hundred years to restock naturally, and in consequence should be 
planted artificially. In addition to areas covered by timber sales, 
there are small parks, blanks, and openings that eventually may be 
planted. The most favorable situations will probably reproduce 
naturally, and sowing or planting will, therefore, be done on sites 
not altogether favorable. An exception might be made in the case 
of a large burn, where it is not thought advisable to wait the neces- 
sary length of time to secure natural reproduction, or on timber-sale 
areas where reproduction is slow in coming in. 
The problem of artificial. reproduction in the Southwest is made 
difficult by the unfavorable climatic and soil conditions that will 
undoubtedly have to be met. Judging from the results in the Karst, 
in Austria, unfavorable sites can be reforested only by planting 
thrifty stock with well-developed root systems. Though the long 
tap root of the western yellow pine makes planting especially difi- 
cult and expensive, it is at the same time peculiarly well adapted 
to withstand the drying out of the surface soil. Recent experiments © 
have indicated that 2-year-old seedlings can be planted successfully 
on favorable sites, though this success may only be temporary. It 
is possible that planting can never be entirely successful unless it is 
done on carefully prepared ground and the young trees given proper 
protection. 

