Rotten cull pole-timber trees.—Live pole- 
timber trees judged unmerchantable now 
or prospectively because of rot. 
Tree-Merchantability Classes (Dead) 
DEAD SAW-TIMBER TREES.—Dead, standing or 
down, saw-timber trees of all species having a 
merchantable volume of 50 percent or more of the 
total board-foot volume. 
DEAD POLE-TIMBER TREES.—Dead, standing or 
down, pole-timber trees of all species with 50 per- 
cent or more of the cubic volume merchantable. 
Tree-Size Classes 
SAW-TIMBER TREES.—Trees 11.0 inches d. b. h. 
and larger with one or more merchantable 16-foot 
sawlogs. 
POLE-TIMBER TREES.—Trees ranging from 5.0 
through 10.9 inches d. b. h. and trees over 11.0 
inches d. b. h. that do not contain at least one mer- 
chantable 16-foot sawlog. 
SEEDLING AND SAPLING TREES.—Trees below 5.0 
inches d. b. h. 
Miscellaneous Definitions 
PRIMARY GROWING sTOCK.—Net volume, in cubic 
feet, of live saw-timber trees, and live pole-timber 
trees from stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top (of 
central stem) inside bark. 
SECONDARY GROWING sTOCK.—Net volume in cubic 
feet of all cull trees from stump to a minimum 
4.0-inch top inside bark, and limbs to a 4.0-inch 
diameter inside bark of all cull and noncull hard- 
wood trees. 
ALL-TIMBER VOLUME.—The net volume of primary 
growing stock, secondary growing stock, and sal- 
vable dead trees. 
SAWLOG PORTION.— The net board-foot volume, as 
measured by International 14-inch rule, of saw- 
Trees Native to Montana 
timber trees from stump to a merchantable saw- 
log top. Tops vary by species and diameter class, 
ranging from 6.0 inches for small trees up to 22.0 
inches for very large rough trees. 
Top portion.—The net cubic foot volume of 
saw-timber trees from the merchantable sawlog top 
to 4.0 inches inside bark. 
LIVE POLE-TIMBER VOLUME.—The net cubic-foot 
volume of live pole-timber trees from stump to a 4.0- 
inch top inside bark. 
NET BOARD-FOOT VOLUME.—The board-foot vol- 
ume of the sawlog portion of saw-timber trees, as 
measured by International 14-inch rule, after de- 
duction for all apparent and surmised defect in 
accordance with standard scaling practice. 
NET CUBIC VOLUME.— The total cubic-foot volume 
discounted for unmerchantable material. Includes 
the merchantable portion only of sound, sound cull, 
and rotten cull saw-timber and pole-timber trees 
and hardwood limbs larger than a 4.0-inch top 
diameter. 
NET ANNUAL GROWTH.—The average annual 
change during a specified period in volume of pri- 
mary growing stock on commercial forest land 
resulting from natural causes. Gross growth is the 
increment before allowance for mortality. 
D. B. H. (DIAMETER BREAST HIGH) .—Tree diameter 
in inches, outside bark, measured 414 feet above 
average ground level. 
CoMMoDITY PRODUCTION.—The total output of 
timber products during a specified year. 
ComMopiTy DRAIN.—The timber volume removed 
from primary growing stock as timber products and 
logging waste during a specified year. 
CoNnTROL PoINT.—Land Office section corners (in 
unsurveyed areas idealized section corners as in- 
dicated on latest base map) used to locate and 
define the boundaries of sampling strata and sample 
segments. 
CONIFERS 
Commercial species: 
Douglas-fir ..... 
Fir, alpine . Roe: 
Fir,;<orand\ 5 ener 
Hemlock, mountain 
Hemlock, western 
Juniper, Rocky Mountain 
Larch, alpine 
Pseudotsuga taxtfolia 
Abies lasiocarpa 
A. grandis 
Tsuga mertensiana 
T. heterophylla 
Juniperus scopulorum 
Larix lyalli 
62 Forest Resource Report No. 5 U. S. Department of Agriculture 
