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of the county damaged by fire. The standing Pine is in isolated bodies 
and is estimated at 150,000,000 feet. The scattering bodies of better 
hard woods are believed to represent a stand of about 250,000,000 feet, 
in which Oak, Basswood, Birch, and Maple enter in nearly equal pro- 
portions. The few swamps of this county are reported bare of mer 
chantable timber in larger quantities. Large tracts of cut-over and 
burned land occur in nearly all parts. 
Bayfield County.—A belt of red clay, 6 to 10 miles wide, skirting the 
lake, is pinery with a light mixture of scrubby hard woods and some 
Hemlock. The southeastern one-third, occupied by the basins of the 
Nemakagon and White rivers, is a mixed forest of Pine, hard woods, 
and Hemlock on a gravelly gray loam; and the central and western 
part, a broad belt extending from T. 50, R. 5 W., southwest into 
Douglas County is a sandy Jack Pine and Norway pinery, with con- 
siderable White Pine in places. The timber along the lake, except that 
of the Red Cliff Reserve, is generally cut; it is also heavily cut into on 
White and Nemakagon rivers and along the Northern Pacific Railway. 
The present stand of pine is about 3,000,000,000 feet, of which a large 
part falls to the regular pinery lands. In addition there are about 
400,000,000 feet of Hemlock and an equal amount of hard woods, most 
of which is Birch, Basswood, and Maple; the Oak, though abundant as 
scrub wood, being scarely represented as real timber tree. 
On some of the “barrens” or Jack Pine and bare sandy lands no tim- 
ber existed when logging began, but there is evidence that in former 
times they, too, were covered by a forest of larger timber. 
The numerous swamps of the southeastern part of this county are 
fairly well stocked with both Cedar and Tamarack, and also some 
Spruce. The swamps of the estuaries along the lake are generally 
covered by heavy growth of Cedar. Bare wastes of great extent occur 
in all localities, where Pine logging has been going on. 
Burnett County.—Nearly the entire county is a sandy Jack Pine and 
Norway pinery, dotted with regular “barrens” and island patches of 
better loam lands. In the northwest corner, north of the St. Croix 
River, is a tract of gray loam lands, which was stocked originally with 
Pine lightly mixed with hard woods. Along the south line of the county 
extends a body of loam lands, covered in part by heavy and almost 
pure stands of hard woods, only the sandy depressions bearing Pine. 
The Pine in this county is largely cut; the little hard wood has been 
damaged by fire, and Jack Pine only occurs in extensive woods. 
The seattering Pine is estimated at about 200,000,000 feet, and about 
200,000,000 feet of hard woods are believed to occur in this county, 
besides some 300,000,000 feet of Jack Pine, which sooner or later must 
become valuable. The swamps are largely bare or else covered by a 
light growth of Tamarack. A large part of this county is positively 
bare land, being devoid of any forest cover. 
Chippewa County.—The southwestern and south central one-fifth of 
