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on the range, growing on gray loam land. The southeastern part, 
south and east of the St. Croix, is a sandy Jack Pine and Norway 
pinery with large Jack Pine woods following the river into Burnett. 
The pine has been cut along the lake and also along the St. Croix and 
the railways, but there is still a great deal of standing timber in large 
and small bodies, estimated to cut about 3,500,000,000 feet. The hard 
woods have been little invaded, but, forming here only a secondary 
mixture, are largely killed by fire when the pine siashings are burned, 
as is well illustrated by the country about and south of Superior. On 
Maple Ridge considerable hard wood is cut, and, strange enough, Oak 
forms often as much as 25 per cent of the yield. Scattering as they 
are, the hard woods are still believed to cut about 700,000,000 feet. 
Dunn County.—Of the sandy east half the northern portion is Jack 
Pine woods and openings, the rest Oak openings with real prairies. On 
the western half the clay and loam land ridges were once covered with 
almost pure hard woods, and the more sandy valleys were stocked with 
a mixed growth of large pine and hard woods, the former often prevail- 
ing. The woods on Hay River partook of the regular pinery form and 
merged inio the Jack Pine woods of the northeastern towns. The Pine 
is practically all cut, though the scattering patches still amount to sev- 
eral million feet. The hard woods are much interrupted by clearings, 
many tracts have been culled and even cut clean. The isolated tracts of 
hard wood, with a yield of about 4,000 feet per acre, are estimated to cut 
400,000,000 feet, of which Oak is 25 per cent and Basswood and Maple 
form 50 percent. The few swamps are generally bare of merchantable 
material. Large areas of bare waste land occur in the Jack Pine dis- 
trict and may be seen along the railway between Wheeler and Summit. 
Many groves of fine young White Pine are fast growing into timber 
about Menominie. 
Florence County.—The greater part of this county was a mixed forest 
of Pine, hard woods, and Hemlock on a gray loam, with smaller tracts 
of regular pine land, especially along the streams, and a larger tract 
in the northeastern part, where even Jack Pine woods covered consid- 
erable ground. At present the Pine is largely cut, and only about 
150,000,000 feet are believed to now exist in this county. The hard 
woods and Hemlock have not been cut, except small patches about the 
towns, but they have been injured in places by fire. With 4,000 feet 
per acre of both hard woods and Hemlock, the cut of the latter is about 
300,000,000 feet and that of the former about 400,600,000 feet, of which 
Basswood, Birch, and Maple form 75 per cent, while Oak scarcely occurs. 
The swamps are generally covered and swell the entire cut of timber 
by over 100,000,000 feet. Burned areas occur in every town of the 
county and, as in others, form a far greater proportion (here 20 per 
cent) of the entire land surface than is usually supposed. 
Forest County.—The northwest quarter of the county is largely a 
flat, swampy pinery; the rest is a hard wood, Pine, and Hemlock mixed 
