64 
territory is slightly invaded by the mixed forest of Florence and Forest 
counties along the county line. Isolated bodies of Pine, lightly mixed 
with hard wood and Hemlock, are scattered in parts of the pinery, par- 
ticularly the towns along the Menominee River. Formerly a heavy 
stand of Pine mixed with hard woods occupied the part next to Green 
Bay. The latter area was burned over during the Peshtigo fire of 1871, 
and is now bare or brush land with some settlement. Pine has been 
eut in every town in the county; the present stand is estimated at 
about 1,500,000,000 feet. The ight mixture of hard wood and Hem- 
lock is largely fire-killed wherever the Pine has been cut; the green 
timber remaining is estimated at nearly 500,000,000 feet, half of which 
is Hemlock. Of the hard woods, Maple, Birch, and Basswood predomi- 
nate; Oak, as timber, being very scarce. In the brush land along the 
bay the young growth of White Cedar is disputing the ground with 
Poplar and White Birch. Extensive tracts of Jack Pine occur in the 
central and southwestern parts. Large burned over wastes exist in all 
parts of the county. 
Oconto County.—Over half of this county next to the bay, which 
is a tract of variable sandy loam land, was covered by a heavy forest 
of Pine, mixed with Hemlock and hard woods. The central part of 
the county is a sandy belt of pinery land, continuous with the sandy 
pinery ot Marinette and Shawano counties. The loam and clay lands 
of the northern one fourth was originally stocked with a heavy mixed 
forest of hard woods and Hemlock, with Pine either scattering or 
in small bodies. At present the lower part of the county is cut over, 
much of it bare, and a large part settled. The Pine is cut in nearly all 
parts of the county, and only 65,000,090 to 75,000,000 feet are claimed 
tobestanding. The hard-wood forest, in which the Beech is conspicuous 
only on the lower sandy loam lands, still covers a quarter of the county, 
andis estimated to cut about 500,000,000 feet of Hemlock and 400,000,000 
feet of hard woods, principally Birch, Basswood, Elm, and Maple, con- 
siderable Ash and little Oak. The swamps of the lower part are burned 
over and extensively drained and utilized. Those of the north half 
are generally stocked, the Cedar prevailing. Fine groves of young 
White Pine are abundant in the southern towns. 
Oneida County.—Almost the entire county is a loamy sand pinery in 
which good hard woods and Hemlock are practically wanting. A few 
isolated island-like bodies of mixed forest on heavier soil, a small tract 
in the southwestern, and larger ones in the southeastern part of the 
county, disturb the general uniformity. The Pine has been cut along 
nearly all streams and railways, while the remaining timber occurs in 
interrupted stands, and is estimated at 1,200,000,000 feet, of which a con- 
siderable partis Red (Norway) Pine. Of about 60,000,000 feet of hard- 
woods, 40,000,000 feet are Birch and Basswood, the rest being Elm 
and Maple, and very Jittle Oak. The Hemlock is believed to cut about 
20,000,000 feet and is too scattering to be considered at present. The 
