67 
Cedar and Tamarack, some of them yielding 15,000 feet and more per 
acre. Bare ‘‘stump prairies” occur in all parts of the county. 
Taylor County.—A continuous mixed forest of Pine, hard woods, and 
Hemlock on a loam and clay soil once covered the entire county. The 
Pine has been cut, except small bodies in the southwestern part, esti- 
mated at about 200,000,000 feet. The remaining forest still covers more 
than 60 per cent of all wild lands and cuts about 6,000 feet per acre. 
In this forest Hemlock is predominant, and is estimated at about 
1,500,000,000 (some good authorities place it at 2,000,000,000) feet, and 
the hard woods at about 1,000,000,000 feet, of which 70 per cent is 
Basswood and Birch, and only about 5 per cent Oak. The fewswamps 
are generally stocked with Tamarack, some Cedar, and Spruce. Owing 
to the dense damp cover of the mixed forest, Taylor County has suffered 
little from fires, and Jarge bare lands are comparatively scarce. 
Vilas County.—Except the northern one-fourth and some scattering 
island tracts where a mixed forest stocks the better soils, this county - 
is an uninterrupted pinery, principally White Pine, with little Norway 
and hardly any Jack Pine, covering a rather level, loamy sand area 
dotted with several hundred lakes and numerous swamps. Pine lum- 
bering began here along the Wisconsin River over twenty-five years 
ago, and the Pine forest is cut into in almost every township. The 
present stand of Pine is estimated at about 1,500,000,000 feet, besides 
many thousand acres of sapling and young Pine thickets which might 
soon grow into valuable timber. Both hard woods and Hemlock are 
rather scattered, except in some of the northern townships; the Hem- 
lock is estimated at about 120,000,000 feet; the hard woods, of which 
Birch, Basswood, and Maple are most important, at about 150,000,000 
feet. Of the numerous swamps, which form over 20 per cent of the 
area, Many are open bogs, but the majority are stocked with Tamarack 
and Cedar and some Spruce. Both in the swamps and the Pine slash- 
ings fire has made much havoc, and large areas of bare stump wastes 
occur in abundance. 
Washburn County.—An area involving the northwestern one-third 
of the county, with broad arms extending up the Totogatic and Nema- 
kagon rivers into Bayfield and Sawyer, was formerly sandy pinery, 
with large bodies of Jack Pine and Norway, mixed with White Pine. 
The rest of the county, generally a gravelly gray loam, was covered by 
a heavy stand of White Pine with a light mixture of hard woods. The 
Pine is generally cut. The present stand is estimated at 350,000,000 feet. 
The hard woods have suffered much from fires, and over large areas not 
a foot of merchantable timber exists. The standing hard woods are 
estimated at about 220,000,000 feet, of which Basswood, Maple, Oak, 
aud Birch, in nearly equal proportions, form about 80 per cent. No 
swamp woods of commercial importance are reported. Some of the 
largest areas of perfectly bare-cut and burned-over lands in Wisconsin 
occur in this county. 
