68 
Wood County.—The north half of this county was formerly covered 
by a heavy stand of White Pine, with a mixture of hard woods, to which 
was added, along the north line, a sprinkling of Hemlock. South of 
this the sandy loam and loamy sand area was covered by regular 
pinery, which gave way on the west side of the river to an extensive 
open marsh and cranberry bog dotted by sandy, pine-covered islands. 
Extensive bodies of Jack Pine follow up the river into Portage County. 
The Pine has nearly all been cut, and the 100,000,000 feet of standing 
Pine assumed for this county is mostly scattering and sapling material. 
The hard woods have long been culled in all parts of the county, and 
not over 12 per cent of the area, with a probable stand of about 
300,000,000 feet, is believed to remain. Of this hard wood over half is 
Oak and Basswood. The Hemlock is confined to the northern town- 
ships and will cut about 50,000,000 feet. Aside from the large open 
swamp in the southwestern part, there are comparatively few swamps 
in this county. Large cut-over and burned-over areas are numerous, 
and much land is stocked with culled woods, furnishing ample fuel, 
ete. Some fine groves of young White Pine may be seen along the Green 
Bay line near Grand Rapids. 
LIST OF PRINCIPAL FOREST TREES OF NORTH WISCONSIN. 
[Arranged according to economic importance in the region. | 
I. CONIFERS. 
ie PINES" 
(a) White Pine (Pinus strobus) occurs in all parts of the territory as scattering 
mixture in the better hard-wood mixed forest of the heavy soils, predominant 
on lighter sandy and gravelly loams, and as pinery proper on the extensive 
loamy sand areas. It is the largest and most valuable tree of the region. 
(b) Red Pine (Norway Pine) (Pinus resinosa) grows on all sandy pinery areas, 
scatteringly in the southern, abundant in the northern counties. It does not 
mix with the hard-woods on clay land except near Lake Superior, is generally 
mixed with White or Jack Pine, but in places forms pure stands of consider- 
ableextent. In value it ranks second among the forest trees of north Wisconsin. 
(c) Jack Pine (Pinus divaricata) is a small tree, grows generally in thickets, 
either pure or mixed, stocks all poor sandy lands, and, unlike the other pines, 
it also occupies part of the openings. It is of limited economic value. 
2. HEMLOCK: 
Hemlock (T7suga canadensis) grows on all clay and loam lands of the eastern 
half of north Wisconsin; is either mixed scatteringly or evenly with the hard 
woods or else predominates in bodies of variable extent. The Hemlock is a 
large tree, grows slowly, is easily killed, even by mere exposure, and is not 
reproducing itself well in most parts of this region. It is of greater economic 
value than is generally credited. 
3. CEDAR: 
Cedar.—This tree, commonly called White Cedar, or simply Cedar, should, to 
distinguish it from other Cedars, receive the name Arborvitie (Thuya ocei- 
dentalis). It is a medium-sized tree of the swamp and moist portions of the 
upland mixed forests. It occurs in most counties and prevails in the swamps 
of the Green Bay region; a tree of considerable value. 
