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4, MAPLE: 
(a) Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) is a common tree of all hard-wood forests, 
and, to a very considerable extent, invades with Aspen and Paper Birch the 
regular pinery. Among the small young growth of most hard-wood forests 
it predominates in number. 
(b) Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum), often called Soft Maple, is quite generally 
distributed throughout the mixed forest, as is also the 
(c) Red Maple (Acer rubrum). 
The bush maples, Spiked and Striped Maple (Acer spicatum and Acer pennsyl- 
vanicum) form a considerable part of the undergrowth in the clay land mixed 
woods. 
Sah OVANKS: 
(a) Red Oak (Quercus rubra) is the common timber oak of the region, and occurs 
in all counties and on both sandy and clay soils, but is abundant only in the 
western and southern counties, and makes a good tree only on the heavier soils. 
(b) White Oak (Quercus alba) occurs quite abundantly in the southern and 
southwestern counties, but is very scarce in any form in the greater part of the 
region. This is also true of the 
(c) Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa). 
In the north central and eastern parts, in the upper Wisconsin, Menominee, and 
Peshtigo basins the Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea) is generally the only ‘Scrub 
Oak.” It is scattered here over extensive tracts of sandy cut-over lands as a 
bushy tree or shrub. The ‘Scrub Oak” of the openings, along the southern 
and western edge of the region, is formed of a variable mixture of all species 
of oak of the territory. 
6G: ASH: 
(a) Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) and 
(b) White Ash (Fraxinus americana), the former by far the most common, are 
found in every county, are generally restricted to the swamps, and, on the 
whole, form a very small portion of these woods either in number of specimens 
or as saw timber... 
7. ASPEN: esF egy 
(a) Aspen (Populus tremuloides) very commonly called Poplar. 
(b) Large-toothed Aspen (Populus grandidentata) are very common in all parts 
of north Wisconsin; they are much more conspicuous on the cut-over lands as 
brushy cover, in the sandy pineries as scattered mixture, and also in the mixed 
forests of the Lake Superior region than in the better hard-wood forests, where 
they form but an insignificant proportion of the merchantable material. 
Of the less conspicuous or less important forest trees must be mentioned: 
BEECH (Faqus latifolia) 1s a common tree on the sandy loam and loam lands near 
Green Bay. 
BUTTERNUT (Juglans cinerea) scattered throughout the better hard-wood forests. 
BLUE BEECH (Carpinus caroliniana) and Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), both of 
which occur quite abundantly in all hard-wood forests without ever forming mer- 
chantable timber. 
Hickory, chiefly Pignut, Bitternut, and Mockernut (Hicoria minima, glabra, and 
alba) cecur in the southern districts and occasionally reach timber size. 
BLuack CHERRY (Prunus serotina) rarely occurs on the better lands and can not be 
considered as aw important tree. 
