40 
Present stand of hard-wood saw timber. 
Per cent | 
‘ Million 
Kind of wood. of all | Remarks. 
| feet B. M. hard w TOES) 
OF eae een PR nEcoer cocee couobcgdec aicte see | 1, 400 8.6 75 per cent Red Oak. 
IBASSWO0G ene eee ee eee eee eine 4, 600 29. 0 | 
Bitchj2-0----c-- 22 pees ee ee ee ee 4,150 | 26.0 Yellow or Red Birch. 
1h Ne eee ao deoee csEaHeEcanepaacteocupodesooact 2, 650 | 16.5 | 30 per cent Rock Elm. 
Rehs secs csles, ty Set a ee | 900 | 5.6 | Mostly Black Ash. 
IW ES DBAs 5 spedens ae spobeusseseeceséstdsccéeas | 2,300 | 14.3 | Mostly hard Maple. 
otal 2.20. See en ee eee 16, 000 || aoeuee ee | 
The hard woods are cut in all parts of this territory. They are gener- 
ally logged in a small way and most of the lumber is cut in small mills, 
with a yearly output of from 500,000 to 5,000,000 feet. According toa 
careful canvass conducted by the ecu cen Lumberman, of Chicago, 
the results of which are published in its issue of January 22, 1898, the 
total output of hard-wood lumber amounts to about 275,000,000 feet 
B. M. To this must be added large quantities of mining timber used 
in the Florence, Iron, and Ashland mines, together with railway ties, 
piling, construction, and ship timbers, and also considerable quantities 
of cooperage material and wagon stock, which in the aggregate proba- 
bly brings up the total cut of hard woods to about 500,000,000 feet. 
The most valued and therefore also the most culled of the hard woods 
is the Oak, particularly White Oak, the exploitation of which was begun 
in Wood and Clark counties more than twenty-five years ago. Of the 
other hard woods, the Basswood is most extensively cut and finds the 
most ready market, followed in this respect by Elm, particularly 
the fine Rock Elm. Birch, though the prettiest wood of the region, is 
much underrated, owing to fashions which prejudice the market. Nev- 
ertheless large quantities are cut every year, and the same is true of 
Maple, which is generally the least estimated of the hard woods. Owing 
to its irregular distribution Ash is of local importance only, though in 
some places it is claimed that ash logs are as easily procured as almost 
any other (Oconto County). 
Among trees of secondary importance Aspen (Poplar), White Birch, 
Butternut, and Beech may be mentioned in order of their economic 
value. The Aspen (Poplar), both the common Aspen and Large-toothed 
Aspen, is found in all parts of the area, but is conspicuous as a timber 
tree only in the northern forests, especially of Douglas, Bayfield, and 
Ashland counties. These Aspens (Moplars) tale possession of all 
burned slashings; but aside from their use as nurse trees to pine and 
better woods the Aspens (Poplars) on the slashings of North Wiscon- 
sin so far have generally been of no value, and it appears doubtful if 
they ever shall be except in a few localities, especially in the better 
sandy loam districts. 
The White Birch is best developed near Lake Superior. It never 
grows large, generally remaining a mere sapling, commonly less than 
12 inches in diameter and 50 feet in height. In this territory it is 
