giier 
33 
at about 200,000 acres, sufficient to furnish within fifty years’ time, if 
protected, a yield of more than a billion feet of marketable material, 
But while the ability of White Pine to reproduce itself is amply dem- 
onstrated in every county in North Wisconsin, the fact still remains 
that the great bodies of cut-over Pine lands have not and do not at 
present re-cover themselves with young Pine; it is also true that more 
than 80 per cent of the bare-burned cuttover lands are practically 
devoid of any valuable forest growth whatever. 
RED (NORWAY) PINE. 
The Red or Norway Pine occurs in every one of the twenty-seven 
counties here under consideration, but is abundant only in those which 
contain sandy districts of considerable extent. This Pine does not 
occur on the loam and clay soils, except on the slopes along Lake Supe- 
rior; if generally grows mixed with White Pine on the loamy sands 
(in Oneida, Vilas, etc., counties), and occupies alone or mixed with 
Jack Pine the poorer sands (barrens of Bayfield, Marinette, etc., 
counties). The Red Pine grows quite rapidly when young (as fast or 
faster than White Pine on the same poor soils‘, and up to the age of 
about 100 years, but it grows very slowly when old, generally forms 
a more slender stem than White Pine, and does not attain the same 
dimensions, especially in diameter. It seeds heavily and reproduces 
well, shares in covering pine slashings, forms dense stands, cleans 
itself well of limbs, makes a straight, clean stem, is more sound than 
White Pine, and yields very heavily. Originally it formed but a very 
small part of the entire stand of Pine, but to-day about 13 per cent of 
the remaining supply is Red Pine. It is treated like White Pine in all 
branches of exploitation, but it brings a smaller price and is more 
extensively cut into dimension stuff. Its frugality, rapid growth, fine 
dimensions, and heavy yield highly recommend this tree in considera- 
tions of reforestation. 
JACK PINE. 
In Wisconsin Jack Pine generally takes possession of all the poorer 
sands, where hardwoods and even White Pine no longer thrive. Nev- 
ertheless, is is also found on sandy-loam areas (Shawano County and 
parts of Marinette County) where better trees have grown, and it 
appears that its presence in these localities is due to large fires which 
many years ago completely consumed the former forest and so reduced 
the fertility of the soil that none but this most frugal of conifers could 
reclothe the land. Jack Pine forms characteristic dense thickets and 
even forests of many miles in extent, and it mixes frequently with Red 
Pine, less with White Pine, and still less with hardwoods except the 
Scarlet and other Scrub Oaks, and to a lesser extent the White Birch, 
its normal companions. 
In Wisconsin it is always a small tree, generally less than 10 inches 
16479—No. 16——3 
