19 
take on trust the capability of the State management to produce tangible 
results; besides, the fair amount of participation in the profits of the 
management, if any, would not be easily agreed upon, and, moreover, a 
servitude on the land would be created, such as existed on the European 
State forest properties, and proved most baneful to a successful forest 
management until, with much expense, the States succeeded in ridding 
them of this incumbrance. 
it must not be overlooked that the lands which it is proposed to make 
the property of the State are mostly deprived of their valuable material, 
and only time can restore salable products. Thirty years has been 
assumed as probably sufficient, when such products might begin to be 
found. This is a short enough time, and presupposes that many mate- 
rials now unsalable will in that period be acceptable to the market. We 
have, therefore, to calculate with long-time periods, and it is preferable 
to delay a beginning until it can be made on correct principles. 
In any plan which contemplates participation of the original owner 
in the results of the management, the fair apportionment would be to 
turn over to him the net proceeds in toto until a given amount has been 
paid, equivalent to a fair valuation at the present, with interest added. 
With such a plan it would be wisdom for the State not only to acquire 
lands which have been cut over, but to possess also virgin growth, or 
at least such lands as can furnish from the start salable material. It 
must also be considered that, to bring cut-over lands into proper condi- 
tions, expenditures for planting and other operations are necessary. 
The mere let-alone policy will in most cases not be sufficient to produce 
results. In proportion to the expenditures, to a certain degree, depends 
the success of a forest management. 
Thus in Prussia, with an expenditure of $1.20 per acre of its forest 
property of 6,000,000 acres or more, the net revenue amounts to only $1 
per acre, while Bavaria, with an expenditure of $1.90 per acre, nets nearly 
$2, and Saxony, with an expenditure of $2.20, nets as much as $4.20 per 
acre. Or, taking the changes in each of these States by themselves, 
when their expenditures were 89 cents, $1, and $1.25 per acre, respec- 
tively, their net incomes were 99 cents, $1, and $3.25 per acre. 
NECESSITY OF TECHNICAL SKILL AND GOOD MANAGEMENT. 
It will also be understood that, to assure a full measure of success in 
the recuperation of these lands and in the profitableness of the under- 
taking, technical skill and good managership must be commanded by 
the forestry department. There are no inherent difficulties to be 
expected in the management of the department provided it is properly 
manned. If they only knew and realized fully that forestry is best 
applied before the woods are mismanaged, the present owners of the 
uncut and unculled forest properties would secure the technical advice 
which is necessary to properly manage these properties for continued 
wood crops. The forest department can be made useful in that direc- 
