15 
2. Roads in good and bad condition, about 300 miles; roads not yet opened, about 
1,500 miles. 
3. Streams large enough to float timber, over 200 miles; useable, six months per 
year. 
VI. WOOD INDUSTRIES. 
1. Pine mills cut in 1897, 120,000,000 feet; saw little hemiock or hard woods. 
2. Tan bark, 30,000 cords hemlock. 
3. Other woodworking establishments: (To be amplified by census statistics. ) 
Merrill was the head of raft navigation, and lumbering began as early as the 
fifties. 
In 1895 the product of the wood industries of Lincoln were valued at $2,350,000. 
VII. MARKET (g—unlinited; 1=limited; n=—none at all). 
White Pine stumpage, g; logs, g; lumber, g; firewood, ]-n; mill refuse is used. 
Norway stumpage, g; logs, g; lumber, g; firewood, ]-n; mill refuse is used. 
Hemlock stumpage, 1; logs, 1; lumber, I. 
White Cedar stumpage, 1; logs, ge. , 
Tamarack stumpage, n; logs, I-n. 
Oak stumpage, 1; logs, 1; lumber, g; firewood, 1. 
Elm stumpage, 1; logs, 1; lumber, g; firewood, 1. 
Basswood stumpage, |; logs, 1; lumber, g¢; firewood, 1. 
Birch stumpage, 1; logs, 1; lumber, g; firewood, 1. 
Ash stumpage, 1; logs, 1; lumber, g; firewood, 1. 
Maple stumpage, 1; logs, 1; lumber, g; firewood, 1. 
Poplar stumpage, 1; logs, 1; lumber, g; firewood, 1. 
Chiefly Birch and Maple is sold for fuel. 
Hemlock bark, good; Oak bark, none to be had. 
Nore.—Stumpage of Hemlock and hard woods has no ready market. It is sold for 
the labor of clearing, ete. Hemlock stumpage is being sold for bark purposes to a 
limited degree. 
Two principal areas must be distinguished: 
(1) The level and rolling clay and loam lands occupying about 80 per cent of the 
county, and stocked with a mixed forest of hard woods, Hemlock, and Pine. The 
soil is generally a gray loam on a deep gray clay and loam subsoil, more or less 
mixed with gravel, and some stone of larger size. In places, as on nearing the rivers 
and also along the sandy area in the northern part, the soil becomes a sandy loam, 
usually with much gravel, and in other places, particularly the southwestern and 
western part, itis a heavy loam and clay. These differences in soil are reflected in 
the forest cover, almost pure hard woods occupying the heaviest clays and most fer- 
tile loams, a Hemlock forest stocking the lighter gravelly loams and the Pine pre- 
dominating on the sandy stretches. 
The Pine is cut from nearly all parts of this area, but its removal has left the woods 
generally an undisturbed, dense, unculled, mixed forest of hard wood and Hemlock, in 
which the former existence of Pine is hardly noticed, since the humidity maintained, 
prevented both the starting and running of fires. 
Narrow belts of sandy gravel and sand, along the Wisconsin and some of its trib- 
utaries, formerly stocked with heavy Pine forests, now all cut and the slashings 
burned and largely waste. On some of these old slashings Pine groves of young 
White Pine may be seen. 
(2) A level sandy pinery area, occupying the northern part of the county east of 
R. 5 E., forming a broad V-shaped body, rapidly widening from its apex, below 
junction of Wisconsin and Tomahawk rivers, and extending into Oneida. 
The soil and subsoil here is a light loamy sand of great depth, medium grain, and 
geuerally a reddish gray color, more or less mixed, locally, with a fine gravel. This 
area was densely covered by a forest of White Pine, with about 20 percent Norway, 
