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In the Open— The National Forests of Washington ^''f^^; 



Ptomaine poisoning. — Ptomaines are a common source of poisoning and most 

 frequently occur in canned meats, fish, etc. An effort must be made at once to 

 empty the stomach by vomiting, which may be induced by tickUng the throat 

 with feather or finger, or drinking warm water with mustard. lyaxatives, such as 

 Epsom or Rochelle salts or castor oil, should be given freely. Stimulants should! 

 be given and heat and rubbing applied after the elimination of the poison. 



ADMINISTRATION OF THE NATIONAL FORESTS 



Simplicity is the principal characteristic of the Forest Service organization. 

 No red tape is allowed to interfere with the efficiency of the men in the field. Each 

 National Forest is in direct charge of a forest supervisor, with headquarters in a 

 town conveniently near the Forest, and is divided into ranger districts, each in charge 

 of a forest ranger. A large part of the business of the Forest can be carried oni 

 with the rangers, and most of the rest with the forest supervisors. The larger r 

 questions of policy and administration are referred to the district forester. 



The timber that is mature and ready for cutting is offered for sale to thei 

 highest bidder. When a sale is made, the trees to be cut are marked by a Foresti 

 officer, provision being made for the preservation of the young growth and tha 

 perpetuation of the Forest. The purchaser of National Forest timber is required 

 to dispose of the logging slash in such a way as to prevent its becoming afire 

 menace. 



As the result of great forest fires there are here and there on the National 

 Forests large burns which are completely deforested and which can be reclaimed 

 only by the artificial planting or sowing of small trees. Such areas the Forest 

 Service is reclaiming by planting young trees grown in the Service nurseries. 

 About 1,500,000 small trees are planted annually in the National Forests oil 

 Washington. 



On most of the National Forests there are areas suitable for the grazing oil; 

 sheep or cattle. These are allotted to the sheep and cattle men for a regular fee of sc ; 

 much per head of stock. On the open forests of eastern Washington, where there > 

 are large areas of bunch grass in the yellow pine timber, sheep and cattle anj 

 grazed under Forest Service permit and supervision. The nutritious forage is; 

 thus utilized for the production of meat, wool, and hides, and the danger fronj 

 fires spreading in the forests is thus greatly reduced. j 



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