TIMBER. 15 



situations especially favorable for its growth. Thus, in mixed stands 

 the Douglas fir, white fir, hemlock, and western red cedar, the stand 

 will be cut clean, in strips or blocks, with here and there blocks of 

 Douglas fir seed trees. The logged area will then be burned. In this 

 way conditions for the reproduction of Douglas fir, which requires 

 mineral soil for successful reproduction, will be especially favorable, 

 while those for hemlock and white fir, which require shade for repro- 

 duction, will be decidedly unfavorable. The second stand, therefore, 

 should be an almost pure one of Douglas fir, with a certain amount of 

 western red cedar, and little or no hemlock and white fir. 



The susceptibility of white fir to disease and the poor quality of its 

 lumber, together with its tendency to take the place of more valuable 

 species in the stand, necessitates the attempt to rid the Forest of 

 it. In order that yellow pine and Douglas fir may take its place, 

 it will be cut to as low a diameter limit as possible wherever found. 



Certain areas on the Forest will support lodgepole pine, but nothing 

 else of equal value. Since lodgepole germinates only on exposed 

 soil, is easily wind-thrown, and needs heat to open its cones, clear 

 cutting in strips or small blocks, with later burning of the logged 

 area, will be the system used. By this method no isolated seed trees 

 will be left to blow down, but seeding will come from the sides, while 

 the bare soil after burning will offer favorable ground for the 

 germination of the seed. 



An example of some of these methods put into actual practice 

 is given on the area covered by a timber sale to the Pelican Bay 

 Lumber Co., on the east slope of the Cascades and typical of the 

 yellow-pine country. The area, containing 7,120 acres, is situated 

 on the watershed of Varney Creek, and the stand consists of 

 64,186,000 feet of yellow pine, 21,822,000 feet of Douglas fir, 

 10,884,000 feet of white fir, 2,277,000 feet of sugar pine, 659,000 feet 

 of noble fir, 178,000 feet of white pine, 72,000 feet of lodgepole pine, 

 170,000 feet of Engelmann spruce, and 424,000 feet of incense cedar, 

 live saw timber, and 2,840,000 feet of merchantable dead saw timber, 

 making a total stand of 103,512,000 board feet. The prices per 1,000 

 feet b. m. are $3.25 for live yellow, sugar, and white pine, and $1.50 

 for all other species and all dead saw timber. Much of the timber 

 is overmature, and some of it is infected with either insects or dis- 

 ease, making its removal from the Forest desirable. 



The stand on the tract is chiefly yellow pine, varying greatly in 

 age, quality, and density. Fifty per cent has passed, and 25 per cent 

 has reached, maturity. Ten per cent of the mature trees are affected 

 by insects to a slight extent, 2 per cent seriously, and 5 per cent have 

 been killed. 



Douglas fir is dominant on a considerable area along creeks and on 

 moister situations, and is in mixture over the entire tract. The trees 

 for the most part are small and limby, and suitable only for common 



