90 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Feb. 28, 1684. 



has not professed to yet know many of the needed facts with 

 referenc to the embryonic life of fishes, suitable temperatures 

 of water, how to secure proper forms and kinds of food, etc. 

 These are questions which must be solved by careful and con- 

 tinued study, and, while the past ten years have been all spent 

 m this respect, there yet remains an enormous deal to be 

 learned. It is as if all agricultural implements, all knowl- 

 edge of seeds, soils, climate, and treatment of vegetables were 

 blotted out of existence, and we had in ten or fifteen years to 

 bring the science of aericulture from nothingness up to where 

 it could supply the wants of 50,000,000, while but fifty or a 

 hundred people were engaged in the effort and all the re- 

 mainder of the 50,000,000 were arraigned practically in hostility 

 to their efforts. 



That, however, this citation of some of the difficulties of 

 flshculture may not discourage any one from the enormous 

 undertaking. I will close with citing one of the most remark- 

 able of the successes thus far attained. The salmon canneries 

 of the Sacramento River aunually increased in number until 

 by 1870 the entire run of salmon was being caught and util- 

 ized. The greatest natural capacity of the river under these 

 circumstances may be considered to have been reached in 

 1875 when the yield to the canneries was 5,096,781 pounds. 

 The first possible fruits of fish culture were in 187(5, when the 

 young of 1873 may be supposed to have returned. The United 

 States hatchery was established in the latter year at Baird, 

 Shasta county, Cal., and a half a million young released in 

 1873 and again in 1874. Jn 1875 the number was increased to 

 850,000, in 187fi to 1,500,000, and dining each of the years 1877, 



1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, two mfllion young fry were 'placed in 

 this river. From an annual catch of 5,000,000 pounds the river 

 has come up to the annual catch of' over 9,500,000 pounds, 

 which figure has been maintained during the past, four years. 

 The figures were: 



1880 10,837,000 pounds. 



9,000.000 " 



1882 9,605.000 " 



1883.. . , 9.586.;000 " 



Allowing the three years which it takes for salmon to come 

 to maturity and enter the river for spawning purposes, the 

 increase hi yield to the canneries for ten years has been 

 almost exactly proportionate to the increase in the disposition 

 of fry. Taking into consideration the cost of hatching two 

 million of salmon annually, and the value of the increase of 

 4.500,000 pounds, it will be seen that there is a very large per 

 cent, of profit in artificial fishculture, when conducted under 

 circumstances as favorable as these. 



As illustrative of what present apparatus worked by skilled 

 fishermen at the instance of very thickly settled regions will 

 do, I will cite the Farmington River in Connecticut. Artificial 

 hatching was carried on there for several vears previous to 



1879. That year it was discontinued. The catch was affected 

 as follows : 



1881, catch of shad 11,505 



1882, catch of shad 3,800 



1883, catch of shad 1,155 



Bearing in mind that three years are required, the effect 



will be observable. In 1879 the Connecticut Commissioners 

 prophesied just what has occurred there. In 1881 hatching 

 was resumed, and a consequent increase in catch for 1884 is 

 predicted. 

 Vnited States Fish Commission, Feb. 20, 1884. 



THE U. S. COMMISSION IN MICHIGAN. 



A T the Northville and-Alpena stations of the United States 

 jTV Fish Commission in Michigan there was laid in a round hun- 

 dred millions of whitefish eggs last fall. Of these there have 

 been shipped twelve millions to different States and toreign 

 countries. It is expected that from 70,000,000 to 75,000,000 

 will be hatched and the fry planted in the great lakes. 



Brook trout have yielded orer 250,000 eggs during the last 

 months of the past year from the Northville ponds. 

 These have all been disposed of— 200,000 to the different 

 States and 25.000 to Germany. 



Lake trout, from .Lake Huron, furnished nearly 300,000 eggs 

 during November and December; 100,000 of these were sent to 

 Germany and 25,000 to the central station at Washington. 

 The remainder will be hatched and distributed from North- 

 ville. 



Rainbow trout reared at Northville have developed into 

 spawners, and it is probable that in a few years they will 

 spawn at the same season as the brook trout. 'This last season 

 they began spawning on Dec, 19, several clays before the last 

 brook trout eggs were taken, and the rest will finish before 

 the first of March. Up to Feb. 1, 50,000 eggs were taken. 



At Alpena the McDonald jars work better for whitefish 

 than at Northville, because there is a greater head of water 

 and five jars can be operated in a series. The ponds at North- 

 ville contain from 250 to 300 young whitefish from five to 

 eight inches in length. They were hatched there last year, 

 and have been fed on chopped liver, the same as young trout. 



From a small consignment of eggs of the German trout re- 

 ceived last spring from Mr. Fred Mather there are now some 

 800 fish in one pcnd. The loss since batching has been slight, 

 but they are smaller than either the brook or the rainbow 

 trout of the same age. 



r jhe Mmtnel 



lew QnhUmtion§. 



SOME BOOKS. 



Camping in the Alleghanies. A new edition of Dr. Thad S. Up de 

 Graft's book familiarly known as -"Bodines." It is a very pleasantly 

 written relation of the actual experience of the author and a friend in 

 their annual June camps on the Lycoming Creek in Pennsylvania. 

 The purpose of the chapters is to show what can be done in the way 

 of camping out in localities which are easily accessible. We commend 

 •Bodines" to the perusal of Forest and Stream readers. (J. B. Lip- 

 pincott & Co.). Guenn, A Wave on the Breton Coast. This new 

 novel, by Blanche Willis Howard, is quite out of the. "ordinary run" 

 of fiction, It is an admirable story, well told. (J. R, Osgood <£ Co.). 

 Erring, Yet Noble. Mr. Isaac G. Reed, Jr. 's novel or romance, or 

 harum-scarum what-you- will, which bears the foregoing title, is trash. 

 (T. B. Peterson & Bros.). Health in the Household, or Hygienic 

 Cookery. By Susanna W. Dodds, M.D, Dr. Dodds has written a very 

 sensible book considering the subject. A man or woman who sets 

 out to reform the dietetic principles and customs of a nation is apt 

 to display more or less crankiness; Dr. Dodds is in this respect no 

 better nor worse than nine out of every ten food writers. (Fowler 

 & Wells). Garden and, Farm Topics, by Peter Henderson, is in- 

 tended to give practical and concise information on a great variety 

 of subjects indicated by the title page, Whatever Mr. Henderson 

 writes on plant life is certain to be sensible, and helpful to those who 

 are less experienced than be, (Peter Henderson & Co,). The La n- 

 guage of the Hand, by Henry Frith and Ed. Heron Allen. A dose of 

 yellow-covered literature disguised in a very respectable cloth bind- 

 ing. It sets forth the mysteries of palmistry or chiromancy, which 

 is the art of reading by the hand the past, the present and the future. 

 A firm around the corner in Ann street are reputed to have made a 

 fortune by their sales of dream books, and it may be that there is 

 some demand for such preposterous nonsense as this book on hand- 

 reading. (George Routledge £ Sons i. 



Five to Ten Dollars a Year for all ordinary employments secures 

 $1,000 insurance with $5 weekly indemnity in the Travelers, of Hart- 

 ford, Conn. Paiil accident policy holders $8D4.000 in 1888— Adv. 



m A young couple in Oconee county lately married devoted 

 their honeymoon week to sport and killed 120 rabbits. They 

 have salted down the meat and will save buying bacon next 

 summer. This sort of beginning is bound to win in a long 

 run.— Atlanta (Oa,) Constitution, Feb. 13. 



FIXTURES. 



BF.NCH SHOWS. 



March 4, 5, 6 and 7.— Cincinnati Bench Show, Melodian HalL En- 

 tries close Feb. 25. Charles Lincoln, Superintendent, care of B. Kit- 

 tredge & Co., Cincinnati. Ohio. 



March 12, IS and 14.— Mew Haven Kennel Club's First Annual Bench 

 Show, Second Regiment Armory. Edward S. Porter, Secretary, Box 

 C"i7 .New Haven. Conn. Entries'elose March 1. 



March 18 to 21.— Washington Bench Show. Masonic Hall, Wash- 

 ington, D. C. Chas. Lincoln. Superintendent. 



March 26, 27 ana 28.— The Dominion Kennel Club's Second Annual 

 Bench Show. Horticultural Gardens. Charles Lincoln, Superinten- 

 dent. C. Greville Harston. Secretary, Toronto. Canada. 



April 3, i and 5.— The Cleveland Bench Show Association's Second 

 Bench Show. Charles Lincoln, Superintendent. C. M. Munhall, Sec- 

 retary, Cleveland. Ohio. 



May 6, 7, 8 and 9.— The Westminster Kennel Club's Eighth' Annual 

 Bench Show, Madison Square Garden. Entries close April 21, Chas. 

 Lincoln, Superintendent. R. C. Cornell, Secretary. 54 Williatu street, 

 New York. 



A. K. R. 



rpHE AMERICAN KENNEL REGISTER, for the registration of 

 -*- pedigrees, etc. (with prize lists of all shows and trials), is pub 

 fished every month. Entries close on the 1st. Should be in early. 

 Entry blanks sent on receipt of stamped and addressed envelope. 

 Registration fee (25 cents) must accompany each entry. No entries 

 inserted unless paid in advance. Yearly subscription Si. Address 

 "American Kennel Register," P.O. Box 28*?, New York. Number 

 of entries already printed 869. Volume I., bound in cloth, sent 

 postpaid, $1.50. 



BEAGLES FOR FOX HUNTING. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



In you* last issue, "Bugle," in his article on the above sub- 

 ject, puts the query: "And how would the beagle do for fox 

 hunting? Is he too slow?" 



In answer, I would say that the beagle will hunt any kind 

 of game that the larger hounds will follow, and with equal 

 zest and staunchness ; but hare and rabbits are his legitimate 

 quarry, and for this pursuit he has been bred and perfected. 



I am a believer in the symmetry of sport, if I may use the 

 expression, and think the dog should be matched in size to the 

 game, and although a foxhound will run rabbits ■well and 

 true, it is about as appropriate to use him for that purpose as 

 it would be to pit a mastiff to kill rats. 



The beagle would be too slow to hunt foxes where the 

 hunters ride to hounds, but judging from the locality your 

 correspondent hails from, the foxes are shot on runways before 

 the dogs, and for this style of hunting the beagle is fully up to 

 the requirements. I would suggest the English beagle of 14 

 or 15 inches as about the most useful size. 



To show that beagles take kindly to fox hunting, I will state 

 a case that came under my observation several years ago, in 

 Cecil county, Maryland, On a bright, crisp October morn- 

 ing, while out partridge shooting, a fox was roused in a briery 

 thicket in which the setters were working : running out into 

 an adjoining clearing, he sprang on a stump and sat gazing at 

 the dogs. 



Sheltered behind a worm fence about seven yards distant, 

 the mark was so tempting that I could not resist, so gave him 

 both barrels, the shells being charged with No. 8 of course no 

 damage was done other than a wild fright. While I stood 

 watching him flying down the valley and across an "old field," 

 the farm boys who were out rabbit hunting joined me with 

 their four beagles. "We laid them on the trail which they hit off 

 at once, running breast high, and going at a clinking pace in 

 full cry. While' yet in sight a blue mottled puppy ten months 

 old, who had never hunted or seen a fox in his fife, forged 

 ahead, took the trail, and made the running, and with the pup 

 on the lead they passed out of sight heading for the Bohemia 

 River, about a mile away. 



The boys followed and in about three hours came back with 

 the game" little pack. For over two hours the little hounds 

 had harried reynard up and down the river bank among rushes, 

 and cattails, briers and brambles, with never a check, af- 

 fording numerous chances for a killing shot, but as vulpecide 

 is a heinous crime in the eyes of a Southern fox hunter, the 

 boys with commendable fortitude restrained the impulse, and 

 whipping off the dogs, returned to hunt the "oldhar" through 

 the devious mazes of a Maryland branch. Rusticcs. 



Philadelphia, Pa. 



EXPERIENCE WITH DOGS. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



The first dog I ever owned was four weeks old when 

 "Training vs. Breaking" appeared in your paper. When five 

 weeks old I had taught him to-ho, and when eleven months 

 old he surprised many who "poohed" at the rules as laid down 

 by "Shadow." 



I have treated this dog as I would a child ; have talked to 

 him, and he understands the English language as well as any 

 animal can : and that is not a little. 



I have many newspaper clippings about the intelligence of 

 this dog, and I do not claim to have any oetter dog than man} f , 

 but have used him differently. When the city clock strikes 13 

 o'clock he will be found beside me with one of my overshoes 

 in his mouth, and on my taking it he ..will, without any- 

 thing being said, get the other. He has been trained for field 

 work by myself, solely from the reading of the ten chapters 

 of "Training vs. Breaking," and he does some thirty to forty 

 tricks which are not laid down in any book. No whip nor 

 check cord have been used; I never owned either and never 

 shall. In teaching a child would it be necessary to use a whip 

 to teach them their ABC? Neither is it a necessity to have 

 the butt of a dog-whip extending out of your pocket while 

 training your dog pupd. 



I cannot agree with "Hunt," about teaching a dog to retrieve 

 under the whip. A friend of mine having a valuable setter, 

 placed him in a trainer's hands to be taught to retrieve. In the 

 course of a few weeks my friend was informed that this pup 

 would never be a retriever, as the trainer said he had tried 

 force and the whip. My friend went and got his pup, and a 

 more disgusted being you would not like to see. I told him that 

 I could teach the pup to retrieve in one week, and a faint 

 smile .flitted across his face, and he told me to go ahead. 

 Well, here was a nice pickle. When you would throw any- 

 thing the pup would run away as soon as he could, and in the 

 bouse he would get into a corner about as quickly as any dog 

 could. When he brought up he would be on his back with 

 his feet pawing air. This was some of the whip retrieving. 



The first two days were used up in trying to gam the con- 

 fidence of this timid creature. I began by rolling a small 

 towel into a ball and putting carefully in his mouth. He 

 would spit it out as fast as I would let him. At the end of the 

 third day he would hold it a very short time, then going 

 ahead of him a few feet and saying "fetch," he would bring 

 it, 



Now for throwing it. Here goes ; and away goes the youth- 

 ful canine in another direction. After getting him back, not 

 using any harshness, he began to think he. was not going to be 

 thrashed. 



The fifth day he was not fed. I chained him to my desk, 

 and the towel was where he could reach it; big food was 

 not, but he could see it. He would reach for it with his paws 

 and tiy to gather it in. Before this, after he had held the 

 towel in his mouth and not spit it out I always gave him some- 

 thing to eat. 



He began to think that some of the food, which was so 



near, yet so far, was needful. I would say "fetch," and at 

 last the word did not strike terror to his young mind. About 

 3 P. M. on this day, on looking aroundj I saw he had the towel 

 m his month, and on saying "fetch," it was brought. Then he 

 was unchained and a little food was given him. On throwing 

 out the usual article, he scampered and brought it in good 

 form. More food. It was thro mi thirty times and brought 

 all right. I had one more day to fill mv Contra c 

 mg him a quail more of the funny retrieving takes place : but on 

 f urther investigation he found ho whipping:, and ' before night 

 he would bring the quail all right, and to-day he is as good a 

 retriever as there is in town. 



Use common sense more and the whip less. I think if you 

 were to take your children for a ride or to some friend's house 

 you would not ornament yourself with the rod j neither is it 

 any more sensible to go forth with a dog whip. A child which 

 will mind in the house will out doors, and just so with a dog 

 that has been treated as a dog should be. 



Many persons will scout the idea of a hunting dog doing 

 tricks (some do too many), but I claim that the more you 

 educate yoim dog the more" pleasure you can have with him. 

 It certainly does no harm for a man to know something out- 

 side of his profession; the better informed he is the better re- 

 sults from his labors. Just so with a dog. As for honesty, 

 they are far ahead of some of the human family. I can shut 

 my dog in a room with a good roast and tell him that it is not 

 for him, and if he touches it I will give to any charitable in- 

 stitution a barrel of clay-pigeons. 



"Shadow" has done more good toward elevating the dog's 

 culture than any other writer living. He advocates firmness , 

 usual tone of voice, no kicks, no clubs, no whips, no yelling. 

 Speed "Training vs. Breaking" for the benefit of this now 

 much-abused a nim al. 



How much more pleasant it is to see your dog wagging his 

 tail every time you look at him than to see that useful mem- 

 ber bent under his body, and he in the shape of a half moon 

 through fear. Flick Flick. 



Hartford, Conn., Feb, 1H, 



LICE ON DOGS. 



"V\ TE have recently received several communications request- 

 V V ing information as to a sure method for ridding dogs of 

 lice. Almost all of the various remedies that are recom- 

 mended for their extermination will have the desired effect 

 provided they are properly applied. None of them 

 cotnplish the purpose unless so applied. We have repeatedly 

 stated that "eternal vigilance is the price of liberty from 

 fleas." This axiom is especially applicable when seeking to 

 circumvent the bloodthirsty lus. The main difficulty in getting 

 rid of these troublesome pests is owing to a want of care in 

 applying the remedy. The louse is very prolific and matures 

 at a Very early age, and as none of the various remedies will 

 destroy the vitality of the egg, no matter how thorough has 

 been the war of extermination, a day or two will si 

 ranks again full. It is necessary, therefore, iu order to make 

 a sure job of it, that the work be thoroughly done in the first 

 place and thoroughly repeated at least Once a week Until ' 'the 

 last aimed for expires." Persian insect powder, when rightlv 

 used, answers the purpose very well and is perhaps the most 

 cleanly and least troublesome method in cold weather.but as the 

 powder only stupefies and does not kill the insect, it is necessary 

 to follow its application with the fine comb, of course desferbying 

 by fire every captive. To apply the powder, place the animal 

 upon a large sheet of strong paper, and with an insect gun 

 or common pepper box thoroughly dust the powder into 

 every portion of his coat, following this with a vigorous 

 shampooing until every insect receives its share. Most of 

 them will at once vacate the premises and fall upon the 

 paper. Those that remain must be fotmd with the comb and 

 all thrown in the fire. This should be repeated every three 

 or four days, until the parasites all disappear. A decoction 

 from quassia wood will also destroy lice. Take, two or three 

 ounces of the chips and tie them up in a muslin bag. Suspend 

 them in a pail of water, stirring occasionally. After two 

 hours the decoction is ready for use. Apply it freely, with 

 plenty of soap, and rinse off with clear water. Strong to- 

 bacco water, applied in the same manner, may be used with 

 good results, although it is apt to make the animal 

 sick. Whale oil, freely used, is also sure death to lice. This 

 should be thoroughly "washed out of the coat within a few 

 minutes after using on account of cleanliness. There are 

 many other remedies that will accomplish the purpose, but 

 those mentioned will be found amply sufficient. Mercurial 

 preparations of all kinds are never to be used fortius purpose, 

 as bad results are almost sure to follow. Neither can kero- 

 sene be recommended, for the same reason. It is absolutely 

 necessary that the kennel and bedding be attended to or all 

 of your labor will be in vain. A good coat of whitewash put 

 on hot, talcing care to fill all the cracks, will render your ken- 

 nel almost insect proof. The bedding should be changed often. 

 Cedar shavings make the best bed, although those of pine 

 will do very well. The bedding of dogs who sleep in the house 

 should be frequently scalded out in strong soap suds, and after 

 rinsing in clean water, hung in the sun until perfectly dry. 

 By closely observing the above rules any one can soon rid Iris 

 kennel of both fleas and lice. 



A WASHINGTON'S BIRTHDAY RUN. 



SINCE the Rose Tree Hunt was organized, no better jv more 

 exciting run has ever taken place than the one enjoyed by 

 this organization and its friends on Washington's Birthday. 

 Fully fifty huntsmen were present at the meet, including those 

 from other clubs, and the number of hounds collected a mounted 

 to over two score. This was to be the opening and the great 

 hunt of the season, and it will certainly prove to be such. 

 Reynard was plucky, although bagged, and made a good run 

 of over fifteen miles, and at onetime almost outwitted his four- 

 footed pursuers. 



At 7 o'clock on the 2'2d, the hunters were astir, and the red 

 coats of the Rose Tree Club could be observed mingled with 

 the more sombre blue of the West Chester Hunt. Prominent 

 among the number could be seen the veterans H. E. Danbrier 

 and G. W. Eachus. eager for the start. Carroll Smyth on 

 Rosinante, was all expectation. Edward Beale, astride, of 

 Fireflv, was easily recognized. Old Pandora, as anxious as her 

 rider, carried Dr. Huidekoper, Miss Morns rode Minnie, and 

 Ringgold Lardner handled Orderly. Tittle Eddy Carpenter 

 crossed his pony Dandy, and Walter Biddle hoped for much 

 from his hunter. W. K, Corliss was master for the day's 

 hunt. 



Chester, Media and Shila, members of the Rose Tree Hunt, 

 were also at the meet, started, and kept well up ; of these could 

 be seen R. S. Sturgis, H. Hatfield, Geo. E. Darlington, W. 

 Wayne, W. Sharpliss, J. Darlington, S. L. Levy, L. K. Lodge, 

 G. M. Lewis, J. E. Carpenter, Dr. Biddle and C. B. Wright. 



Good mounts represented the West Chester Club. Mr. J, 

 Skaner, the noted master of an excellent pack from that place, 

 was present, also H. C. Meredith, Dr. Everhardt, Mr. Mercer, 

 Jos. James, G. A. Mercer, T. Hoopes, Jesse S. Hinton, Pass- 

 more Hoopes, B. D. Evans. J. H. Mercer, Davis Taylor, John 

 Gheen, C. W. Lee, F. Wallerton, E. Gatchell, R. Eby. Sheriff 

 W, Baker, W. C. James and John Hannum. 



Mortonville was represented by Charles Yedder, B. Young, 

 J. Ortlip and G. Faddius. The PnoBiuxville Fox Hunt 

 was to have furnished several participants, but only one pre- 

 sented himself, John Y eager, a host in himself, a g 



Ed. "Worth, James Slayford and G. S. Leiper ca- 

 Chester, Pa., the latter having with him twelve of his noted 

 hounds, prominent among which was Charmer; Ellwood 

 Powell, of Springfield, had sixteen, and these joined with the 



