.TniA 8, 1P84.] 



FOREST AND STREAM, 



45! 



moment grew less and less between him and the pack. But 



the nm wis not yet over. The game and spaed of the fox 

 was equal to his strategy, and all were "wonderful. ''Hands 

 off, boys; no interference,"! exclaimed as the excited hunts- 

 men would dash by me. The order was obeyed, and the race 

 was ft fair one. Two hours this state of things lasted and 

 might have continued longer but for the fox's unfortunate 

 turn in the mouths, as it were, of Stonewall and four Byron 

 puppies ( who, by the by, rim and trail in a group) Bluebell, 

 Bawdy, Fairman and Famous. 



This ended a most spirited and gamelike hunt, in which the 

 Byron puppies (including Rawlings's two black and tans) ex- 

 hibited marked endurance. We rested a few minutes to eat a 

 pocket snack that each had provided for the occasion, It was 

 now far advanced in the evening and we were some distance 

 from our homes. Our way there was as we came, and by our 

 morning's route, 



The fun had not yet terminated, though all of us had had 

 the forepart of the day as much as a reasonable ambition 

 could covet. Just as wearrived at the place of our morning's 

 meet Stonewall struck a traveling Cox. He, with several of 

 R.awliugs's pack, took the back track. We held a conference 

 and determined to have a second run. We stood still until 

 Stonewall and company had corrected their error and had 

 returned to try the right end. We then joined in with the 

 whole pack in a most enjoyable warm trail, resultiug, after an 

 hour's continuance, in a, ruu which, for dash and vigor, was 

 never excelled. The f-px ran back to our morning's grounds 

 and spent his time in repeated rounds over the same ground. 

 He, like the other, was game to the end, and a much gamer 

 fellow. He stood a press from the very beginning and never 

 once gave signs of distress. Nor did the. hounds. 



The March wind had lulled, the evening dew had begun to 

 fall. All this in favor of scent. The younger huntsmen did not 

 follow Rowlings and myself in the exhilarating trail, but 

 waited for us to rouse the game, After this was done they 

 came in like charging cavalry and hung on to the end My 

 day was spent before the race closed, and to the credit of the 

 hounds let it be recorded that no flagging, no change was ex- 

 hibited from beginning to its end. T, G, T. 



Gaston, >". C. 



THE PROPER SIZE OF BEAGLES. 



Editor Forest, and Stream: 



Being a great admirer of the beagle, and having bred them 

 for a number of years for my own use, once having as many 

 as twenty -four and at no time since I became interested in 

 them less than five, .1 was much interested in recent commu- 

 nications from "Flat" and "Rusticus" concerning their proper 

 size, and would like to give the measurements of my largest, 

 smallest and an average size dog of my pack, the result of 

 many experiments and trials, and which, for this northern 

 country, I consider the right size. 



My largest is 16 inches at the shoulder, girth of chest 24 

 inches, girth of lorn 191a inches, from tip of nose to set on of 

 tail 3:2 inches, length of tail 11>£ inches, girth of forearm 6 

 inches, tip to tip of ear 17% inches.* My smallest is 14K inches 

 at shoulder, girth of chest 20b, inches, girth of loin 17J6 inches, 

 nose to set on of tail 29k' inches, tad 10 inches, girth of fore- 

 arm 5% inches, tip to tip" of ears 16)4 inches; and my average- 

 sized dog is 15,b< inches at shoulder, girth of chest 2l) : i inches, 

 loin 1$}4 inches" nose to set on of tail 2834 inches,' length of 

 tail 10 inches, girth of forearm 5K inches, tip to tip of ears 

 IT inches. 



The dog of 11 or 12 inches favored by "Rusticus" maybe all 

 right for some sections, but here in the North, where we have 

 long cold winters, the snow is too deep for them to run well. 

 I think we are all agreed thac in a beagle we must have keen 

 scent, good voice and lots of hang-on. I want more. I want 

 a dog that at all times is ready and can run, and that means 

 strength and height. Mine, I think, hunted on an average 

 three days a week from October to March, and were never 

 laid up a day. I use them after rabbits, foxes and deer, of 

 which a number were killed in front of them last fall, all on 

 runways, and they didn't drive out of the country those that 

 were not killed either. I have bred them, not for bench 

 shows, but for my own enjoyment and use, and from experi- 

 ence and numerous trials 1 claim that for a useful hound for 

 the North 15b< inches is none too small. Size, 



Poet Hexry. N. Y. 



ENGLISH KENNEL NOTES. 



I WAS afraid the. York committee would feel the loss of 

 royal patronage. The doggy part of their show was a 

 success and I sincerely hope the meagre attendance won't 

 spoil the look of their balance sheet. Local shows are begin- 

 ning to recognize the fact that to make success a certainty they 

 must hitch the dog show on to some other local gathering, a 

 flower show or agricultural meeting. The rustic magnates, their 

 "aunts and their cousins," mighc not think it worth while to 

 drive into the town to see the dogs only, but they are sure to 

 visit the show after doing the flowers or cattle. No type of 

 society is more guided by "what is the proper thing to do" 

 than that composed of English provincials. 



There are many things to be thought of when getting up a 

 country show. The most important position to be filled is 

 honorary secretary. Everything depends upon this official. 

 It is advisable to secure some doggy gentleman of the neigh- 

 borhood who has plenty of time on his hands and knows 

 everybody. Of course he" is honorary secretary, and his labors 

 should afterward be rewarded with a present hi proportion 

 to results. He must be a mild-mannered man, for "rustical 

 severity banishes all urbanity ;" he shoidd contrive to have 

 his own way with the committee in seeming to yield. His first 

 duty is to call upon the lord of the manor, who is usually a 

 nobleman, his name as patron is of value a.nd he is also good 

 for a subscription. When the minor notabilities of the neigh- 

 borhood see his name on the list they will also contribute 

 donations toward the prize fund according to thou- means or 

 social pretensions. The doctor and lawyer, and also the par- 

 son can be counted upon for this purpose! The inn-keepers of 

 the town will give a prize for the best bulldog, the brewers 

 for the best mastiff, etc. Some honorary secretaries are 

 clever enough to get in this way most of their prize money, 

 and will avert failure by instituting among the committee a 

 guarantee fund. The committee must be practical men and 

 ready to their share of the work. 



Catalogues of big shows should be distributed among them 

 and each man should take so many letters of the alphabet, 

 say A to F. G to M, in the list of exhibitors' names and write 

 to them for entries. This is a great catch, and as the receiver 

 of this special letter feels pleased with the attention, it gener- 

 ally succeeds. The printing of schedules and catalogues 

 should be given to the local stationer, who in return, will be 

 expected to do the stationery cheap and also give an advertise- 

 ment. The large biscuit firms and disinfectant companies will 

 also take page advertisements; publishers and authors of 

 works on dogs can also be counted upon in this direction. 

 During the show the committee shoidd employ themselves as 

 ring and bench stewards. A banquet should be held on the 

 evening of the first day of the show, to which the judges 

 should be invited, and the tickets should be cheap to allow ah 

 exhibitors to attend. A few speeches can be made, every- 

 body's health drunk, and the whole company is made happy. 

 The successful fancier will naturally show again and the dis- 

 appointed exhibitor forgets his wrongs and hopes for better 

 luck next time. Prompt payment of the prize money is all 

 that is needed to complete the popularity of the show. 



At York they had a little difficulty with some classes that 

 did not fill, and where a certain number of entries were not 

 received those who had sent had their money returned. This 



was unfortunate and showed some lack of judgment, because 

 the effect was naturally irritating. 



One of the celebrities of the dog world has gone over to the 

 majority— Bill George, of Canine Castle, Kensal Town. He 

 was personally better known to our sporting parents than to 

 the present generation, No man's name was more familiar in 

 English-speaking doggy circles all over the world than Bill 

 George's. His kennel was one of the show places to take for- 

 eign sportsmen to. Many an instructive afternoon have I 

 passed in the veteran's company as I sat in his yard pulling at 

 a partagas and listening to the old boy's reminiscences of mas- 

 tiff and bulldog lore. Pedigrees he knew by the yard, and 

 strains by generations. He grew intolerant in that 'good old- 

 fashioned manner of modern dogs and men, and was natur- 

 ally kind to the "fanciers of dogs in my time, sir." He had 

 executed orders in dog flesh to all parts of the globe, and his 

 trade brought him into connection with the highest and the 

 lowest in the land. 



Now he is gone, I dare say many will recollect anecdotes 

 and sayings about him, One I heard is very funny. A letter 

 directed to "Bill George, London." was, during the'Postmaster- 

 Generalslnp of Lord IVlanuers, returned to its sender for insuffi- 

 cient direction, and stamped outside "Not known." The 

 writer of the letter soon after went to London and called on 

 George and related the incident. George heard him with un 

 affected surprise and indignation, and looking round at some 

 other visitors he had there, remarked : "Well, all I can say is, 

 if Manners don't know Bill George, then Bill George don't know 

 Manners." He was not half satisfied with the laugh that 

 greeted his innocent bon mot. 



Some of our papers are commencing an unwise attack upon 

 M. Pasteur for the dogs' lives the learned professor has had to 

 Sacrifice in his great search for the antidote to hydrophobia. 

 Could anything be more unreasonable? The infliction of pain 

 upon dumb animals, however necessary, is deplorable; but is 

 it to be condemned right out and prevented when the sought- 

 for results are of such immeasurable importance to humanity 

 and dogs themselves? It always has been and always will be 

 the fate of the few to suffer for the many. 



The continuation of the Lochinvar' correspondence has 

 brought a fresh combatant into the field in the person of Mr. 

 G. Kre.hl, well known as an exhibitor of Irish terriers. This 

 gentleman complains that Mr. Murchison has accused him in 

 strong terms of abusing the manager of the show. Mr. Krehl 

 is well known among the inner social circle of doggydom, and 

 wiU no doubt amply refute the charges brought against him. 

 He has written a very quiet letter asking for evidence. Danger 

 is discernible in this quiet reserve, for the writer is an old 

 hand at controversy. What must astonish most people, 

 though, is that a man whose "public form" is so much "ex- 

 posed" as Mr. Murchison's, should be allowed to w r rite the 

 violent letters that have appeared on the subject. His coarse 

 attacks upon well-known gentlemen would ' disgust, if they 

 did not also amuse a little, those who get sick of seeing 

 "nothing in the papers." The battle is proceeding in the 

 Stock-Keeper, having been stopped in the Field. 



From Murchison to Carter is an easy digression, and I am 

 sorry to see an undignified attack on the latter in the current 

 number of the Ken net Gazette, which is the official organ of 

 the Kennel Club. The friends of this body must see with re- 

 gret their powerful position used to kick a man when he is 

 down. I once met Mr. Carter during one of our northern 

 shows, and it was the opinion of several of us that he had 

 been made the victim of powerful foes. I have heard that he 

 has sold his paper, the Kennel Review, given up dogs and gone 

 abroad. 



I observe that you, also, have your doggy quarrels in Amer- 

 ica, but a much better tone pervades y r our correspondence 

 than we can boast of over here. 



I read with amusement a letter on dachshimde in your paper 

 of May 29, signed "Aufwiedersehen" (whatever does it mean; 

 if we were to adopt such noms de plume our editors would 

 tear their hair). Your correspondent has added another puz- 

 zle to my already confused notions of a dachshund. I have 

 one myself —a sweet little, queer, old lady— she is a glossy 

 black and tan, not very long in the back, powerful forelegs 

 very much bent. I was going to show her, but before risking 

 the entry fee I consulted an authority on the breed. "Not 

 worth the tax," was his disheartening criticism. "Why. she's 

 the German terrier type ; look at her broad skull between the 

 ears and short muzzle." "Well?" I querried. "Well!" he re- 

 plied, "it isn't well; the hound type is the thing, long thin 

 face, weasel body, but mind you, my lad. I daresay she'll go 

 to ground for you, kill rats, fight cats and all that sort of 

 thing, but she won't do for showing." At the mention of rats 

 Diuah raised her ears and looked at his calves. Tei-rier or 

 hound seems a vexed question, as I understand German 

 authorities go for the former. But what is the "Hanoverian 

 type" and what is a "spielhund" spoken ot by your correspon- 

 dent with the name of many consonants? Lillibulero. 



June 17, 1884. ' 



THE KENNEL HOSPITAL. 



WOUNDS, 



THERE are various kinds of wounds. Incised or clean-cut 

 wounds are the simplest and most easily treated, because 

 the parts are not bruised, and no tissue is removed or destroyed. 

 Such wounds may gape considerably, especially when they 

 are made across the fibers of a muscle, but they admit of being 

 drawn together, and then we obtain exact co-aptation of the 

 sides of the wotmd. Clean cuts are usually accompanied hj 

 a good deal of bleeding. 



Punctured wounds are those made by pointed instruments, 

 are usually deep, and show but a small opening on the skin. 

 They are dangerous, because they may penetrate deeply, and 

 injure important organs. They require careful examination, 

 because their extent is not visible, and some agent may be left 

 in them, such as a splinter of wood, which is certain to" gravely 

 interfere with the healing. Even when no foreign substance 

 is left in them, blood from the injured tissues is apt to collect 

 and form a clot, which causes inflammation. 



Lacerated wounds are those caused by tearing. They seldom 

 present much bleeding, because the blood vessels being 

 stretched and twisted contract at their extremities. They do 

 not heal so well as incised wounds, owing to the damage done 

 to the tissues by bruising and stretching. Not unfrequentlv, 

 too, some portion of skin or other tissue may be altogether re- 

 moved, and thus prevent our being able to bring the edges of 

 the wound exactly together. 



Contused wounds result from blows with blunt instruments. 

 When the skin is not broken they are simply bruises, varying 

 in severity according to the amount of damage inflicted upon 

 the tissues beneath. This may be slight or of such a degree as 

 to destroy the structures entirely. When the skin is broken a 

 contused wound resembles a lacerated one, and its gravity 

 depends upon the amount of damage done to the vitality of the 

 injured parts. The proper treatment for wounds will be best 

 understood if we first very shortly consider the mode of healing 

 found to take place under different circumstances. 



Practically all wounds heal by one of two methods— by 

 adhesion or by granulation. Healing by adhesion takes place 

 in woimds which, when bleeding has ceased are brought 

 closely and evenly together and retained in position. No 

 matter is formed in such a process, as inflammation does not 

 reach the stage at winch suppuration is set up. The only 

 exudation that occurs is a thin layer of lymph on the cut sur- 

 faces, and this becoming organized re-connects or, so to speak, 

 glues together the divided tissues. This method of healing 

 cannot take place if any foreign substance intervene between 

 the surfaces of a wound, nor even if a clot of blood be allowed 

 to collect. It is prevented by splinters of wood, hair, or dirt 

 being left in a wound. It is equally impossible if the tissues 

 are destroyed by bruising or by the application of caustics, 



and it is rendered ineffective by the too common practice of 

 applying tinctures and ointments to a cut surface. VVhpn 

 healing by adhesion does not take place a wound gapes, matter 

 is formed as the result of inflammation, and i i] ;) Bhdrt time 

 the surface is seen covered with reddish fleshy growths, com- 

 monly termed "proud flesh," or by the surgeon granulations. 

 These growths continue until the whole wotmd is filled up, 

 and then contract gradually, causing the edges of the original 

 wound to approach each other. By the contraction comp 

 tively large gaping wounds are healed with a wonderfully 

 small sear. The scar or cicatrix marks the place where fcrile 

 skin is replaced by fibrous tissue, skin itself not bene 

 produced. 



Just as the surfaces of a fresh wound may unite by adhesion 

 so may two surfaces covered by granulations adhere together 

 if retained in apposition. In some positions this is to be 

 guarded against, as, for instance, when granulated sores exist 

 between the thighs. In some large wounds this union of granu- 

 lations maybe taken advantage of and the healing Of a wound 

 much facilitated by bringing in contact the two surfaces. 

 Healing by granulation is always a long process, accompanied 

 by- discharge of matter and a good deal of pain. It should be 

 our object, then, always to attempt healing by adhesion, un- 

 less the nature of the wound renders that method clearly mi- 

 possible, 



Bearingin mind what we have fast said, the treatment Of 

 Avounds becomes a very simple matter. Nature will effect the 

 repair if only we put the parts in the most favorable position. 

 The method of repair will depend upon the Condition of the 

 parts, and our assistance to be of any value must be directed 

 to facilitate the. method adopted by nature. Incised or clean 

 cut woimds arc most likely to be troublesome on account of 

 bleeding. Our first endeavor, then, is to stop this. When a 

 large blood vessel is cut its extremity must be tied— an opera- 

 tion few amateurs could manage. Pressure directly upon the 

 bleeding part is the next best remedy, and can be applied by 

 means of a pledget of tow o- wool held in posit on by a ban- 

 dage. Wounds of the legs in which large vessels are divided 

 may often have the bleeding stopped by a ligature tied tightly 

 around the limb above the wotmd. This ads by checking 

 the passage of blood from the heart, and is therefore only ap- 

 plicable to wounds of arteries. When veins are cut pressure- 

 on the cut spot or below is requisite. To know what kind of 

 vessel is cut we must remember that arterial blood is bright 

 red, and escapes m jets, while venous blood is dark red, and 

 flows in a steady stream. The ordinary bleeding from a 

 wound does not come from Targe blood vessels, and may 

 be stopped by cold and pressure combined. The cold is 

 applied by a constant flow of water from a sponge, and 

 the pressure may be applied either by a bandage or by 

 the fingers. Tt may be necessary to finnly bind up a 

 wound to stop the bleeding, but if healing by adhesion is 

 wished, it must be opened out again when bleeding has 

 ceased and any clots of blood removed. When an iucised 

 wound has ceased bleeding, and before the cut surfaces are 

 dry, a little clear colored fluid exudes: this is the time to bring 

 the wound together and firmly retain it in position. Of course 

 before doing this all foreign matter is carefully removed. 

 Pieces of glass are not so easily seen in the depths of a wound, 

 but are easily 7 felt if an examination is made with a metal 

 probe. Wounds of dogs' feet are often made by glass, and 

 should be carefully examined before being closed. To hold 

 the lips of a wound together, either stitches may be employed 

 orpins. Stitches, surgically called sutures, may consist of cat- 

 gut, wire, silk, or thread." The two latter absorb fluid and 

 may r cause suppuration. Wire does not adapt itself easily 

 unless very thin, and then is apt to cut before healing is com- 

 plete. I prefer pins, which are easily' used and very effective, 

 The two lips of the wound are transfixed by the pin. and 

 round the pin is twisted a piece of thread . By this means 

 the wound is firmly closed, and there is not much direct pres- 

 sure on the pin. Steel ping are sold for the purpose by- sur- 

 gical instrument makers, but they are objectionable as being 

 liable to rust and not easily cut or broken. The ordinary 

 draper's pins aie best; they are tinned and never rust, and 

 their points after insertion are easily removed with a pah- of 

 pliers. The old dread of pins "cankei ing" a wound is a fallacy 

 which might possibly have had some basis when pins were 

 made of un tinned brass wire. The pins in a moderate-sized 

 wound should be about half an inch apart, and should be in- 

 serted about a quarter of an inch from the edge of the wound, 

 so as to have a firm hold. When the thread has been twisted 

 round them, push the head of the pin close up to the thread, 

 and cut off the points. About the filth day every other pin 

 may be withdrawn, and the remainder when healing is com- 

 plete. Wounds may be closed and held together by means of 

 strips of adhesive plaster. To render them effective the hair 

 must be shaved or clipped very closely from the edges of the 

 wotmd, so that they may Stick to the skin. To obtain healing by 

 adhesion, a wound after being closed must be kept dry and cool. 

 Nothing spoils the process so certainly as heat and moistui e. 

 To prevent a dog from tearing out the sutures, it is sometimes 

 necessary to apply a dry bandage, over the wound, but it is 

 better to tie up the animal's head, or muzzle him, leaving the 

 wotmd uncovered and cool. 



Lacerated wounds require more judgment to treat properly 

 than clean incised ones. They often result from dogs being 

 partially run over, from bites while fighting with other dogs, 

 and by tears from projecting nails. In such cases sand and 

 dirt may he imbedded iu the wound, portions of tissue may be 

 crushed and completely disorganized, or portions may be so 

 torn as to be left hanging in shreds. Careful washing and 

 cleaning is the first thing to do, and as such wounds seldom 

 bleed much, warm mstead of cold water may be used to facili- 

 tate the removal of dirt. All portions of positively crushed 

 (issue must be removed, and shreds of flesh hanging by such 

 small connections as to suggest their being hopelessly cut off 

 from the circulation may also be cut off, It is a good rule 

 never to cut off any shreds of skin froth a f resit wotmd. They 

 offer a hold for sutures, and thus assist in bringing the parts 

 together and helping- to retain them in position ; they' protect 

 the parts beneath, and can be easily removed when in time it 

 is found impossible to save them. A badly lacerated wound 

 will seldom heal by adhesion, yet we treat it at first as though 

 it would by carefully adapting all the parts and firmly closing 

 it. By so doing some parts will generally adhere, and if in 

 three days it be found that no union has occurred, or sooner if 

 pus be formed, we remove some or all of the sutures. In 

 wounds so formed as to cause a flap of skin or other tissues to 

 hang down, and which may probably not heal without sup- 

 puration, we must remember that by closing them a sort of 

 pocket is formed in which fluids may collect, prevent healing, 

 and do much harm. In all wounds (hat do not heal by ad : 

 hesion, we want free escape of fluids secreted. Naturally 

 fluids find their way to the lowest part of a wound, and that is 

 the position we must try to effect their escape from. In 

 closing wounds, then, in which adhesion is not expected, we 

 shotdd leave the lowest part without any sutures. 



Sometimes a wound is not detected till long after it has 

 been caused, when the lips of the wound are swollen, and the 

 surfaces dried. In such cases it is often impossible to bring 

 the edges of the wotmd in apposition, and it must be treated 

 solely with a view to healing by r granulation. Ho also must 

 all wounds where there is great loss of skin and all superficial 

 sores in which suppuration has commenced. Heat and mois- 

 ture favor the growth of granulations, and in these eases these 

 may be employed in the form of warm fomentations to a 

 moderate extent. Heat and moisture, however, favor suppur- 

 ation, and that we do not want. After the first day warm 

 water is not required, except to clean a wound. We can 

 stimulate the growth of granulations by other means at the 

 same time that we lirnit suppuration and prevent deleterious 

 changes. For this purpose we use carbolic acid and oil. 

 pound tincture of myrrh, etc 



