20 THE ORMURI OR BARGISTA LANGUAGE. [§39. 



(5) In Av. brazaiti, Skr. b'rajate, O. brusl, he shines, an original medial z (/) has 

 exceptionally become s. I am unable to account for this. 



(6) Regarding original zm, see § 20, 2. 



E. CEREBRALS. 



§ 39- i, ^• 

 These occur only in words borrowed from India, either directly, or through 

 P'§to, and need not detain us. Such are Skr. patra-, O. pat, a leaf; Skr. gardati, O. 

 ywardi, he roars (§, 47). For r , see § 16 ; and for n, see § 19. An original Skr. st, is 

 represented by 0. st, as in Skr. pista-, adorned, 0. pistak, to write (§ 28, 12). An 

 original Skr. t is represented by O. r (§ 16, 3). 



F. LABIALS. 



§ 40. p. 

 (i) p = original ^. Only initial. Medial p becomes (§ 11, 3) or w (§ 14, 5). Av. 

 s/pac-, O. pax-'ek, to cook; Av. padana-, 0. pan, wide; Av. panca, 0. pendi, five; 

 O. Prs. Parana-, O. /)ra«, yesterday ; Av. parsti-, 0. pat, the upper part of the back; 

 Av. pilar-, 0. pie, a father; Skr. pista-, adorned, 0. pist-ak, to write. Geiger (KB. 

 274, and elsewhere) derives the Bal. (and also O.) pa, by, from Av. upa. But, unless 

 the u was dropped at a very early stage, the retention of the medial p is impossible 

 in 0. It is better to follow H. 144, and to refer it to O. Prs. patiy, Av. paiti, P. Bal, 

 pa, Prs. bad, ba, bi. Similarly, Av. paiti + ^zan-, Skr. prati + y/jna-, O. pazan-^'ek, 

 to recognize. In Skr. prati + \/ve-, -vayati, 0. pi-yek, to string beads, we have the i 

 preserved, as in the Prs. bi ^ in order to distinguish the verb from 0. pa-yek, to graze. 



(2) The preposition Av. pairi, Skr. pari, becomes O. par or pr. Thus Skr. pari- 

 gud'nati, O. pavyunl, he dresses himself ; Av. pairi -f \/hic-, Skr. pari -f \/.sic-, 

 -sincati, 0. prusnawl, he sprinkles; Skr. pari + ^st'a-, O. prastl, he worships; Av. 

 *pairi -\- \/vaxS-, 0. praw-ak, to sell; Av. *pairi -\- \/da-, O, pra-yek, to beat. 



(3) /> = original initial p' in Skr. p'ut, 0. />w^, puffed out (§ 33, 3). 



(4) p = original initial m in Prs. maska, 0. pisk, butter; Prs. mac, P. maca, O. 

 pab, a kiss. 



(5) sp = original sp : — 



{a) Initial : — Av. spaeta-, 0. splw, white ; Medic o-7ru<a^ Av. span-, O. spuk, a dog. 

 (6) Medial : — Av. aspa-, O. yasp, a horse. 



(6) But original sp' is represented in O. by x^ (§ I4> 6). 



(7) As already stated, medial p becomes or w (§§ 11, 3 ; 14, 5). So also medial 

 pt and fn (pn) (§ 14, 6). Initial fs{ps) becomes s (§ 28, 9). But in Av. xS'v^pi'^-, O. 

 sippl, or sw/)^, milk, pt has become /»/> or /> {§ 14, 6). 



§41. b. 

 (i) & = original b. Only initial. No instances of original medial b have been 

 noted. Av. baxsaiti, 0. basi, he gives ; Av. bavaiti, he becomes, 0. bi-yok, to be ; Av. 

 baoisi-, 0. J/ty, a scent; Av. bumi-, 0. bumm", the earth. 



