[§44. 



APPENDIX. 

 ON LOAN-WORDS IN ORMURI. 



§ 44. Ormuri chiefly borrows from P'sto and Persian. In fact the greater part 

 of its vocabulary is drawn from one or other of these two languages. The Persian 

 loan-words are sometimes borrowed directly, and sometimes come, through P'§to, in 

 the latter case after receiving the colouring of that form of speech. Words are also 

 occasionally borrowed from Indian languages and from Baloci. 



§ 45. The Ormurs dwell in the heart of Waziristan, and it is hence natural that 

 most of the words borrowed from or through P^sto are in forms used in the Waziri 

 dialect of that language, which often differ from those found in the dictionaries. 



The following are the main points of phonetics in which Wazlrl P '§to differs from 

 the standard P'Sto of Pesawar. Most of them are taken from p. ii of the late Mr. J. 

 G. Lorimer's Grammar and Vocabulary of Wazlrl Pashto. No mention is made of the 

 general points of difference between North-Eastern and South-Western P'|to, such as 

 N.E. X, S.W. s; N.E. g, S.W. 2, as these are well known, and Waziri is onl^'- one 

 of many South- Western dialects, all of which have these same peculiarities. 

 Pesawar P'§t6. Waziri P'^§to. 



", as in wir'l, to carry. e, as in wrel, to carry. 



a, as in yUx (S.W. yaS), a tooth. 0, as in yWds.j a tooth. 



u, as in spun, a shepherd. ii, or i, as in spiin or spin, a shepherd. 



0, as in ob" , water, e, as in ebo (f. pi.), water. 



b, as in bega , evening. le;, as in wega, evening. 

 m, as in melm" , a guest. w , as in wulma, a guest. 

 n, as in nyarai , a fireplace. /, as in lyarai, a fireplace. 



w, as in nwar , the sun. y, as in mydr or Imdr, the sun. 



Waziri is also fond of inserting a w after a guttural letter, as in P. kunda, Waziri 

 kwunda, a widow; and Waziri ywos, a tooth, quoted above. It often also inserts y 

 before a long vowel, as in P. lar , Waziri, lyar , a road. 



In the following sections P. stands for standard South-Western P'§to; WP. for 

 Waziri P'Sto: 0. for Ormuri: Bal. for Baloci: and Prs. for Persian. 



§ 46. O. sometimes shortens a in borrowed words, as in P. yds, 0. gas, a tooth; 

 Prs. suffix -ndk, 0. -nak, see a^ara-nak in Vocab. 



In 0. we often find a borrowed d represented by 0, as in WP. Thus, Prs. sdr , 

 O. s^r , a city; P. maristdn, 0. mariston, a cemetery, and many others. 



In one case, we have a P. F represented by 0. u. P. six-"l, O. sux-aw-'ek, to prick. 

 This is the reverse of the WP. custom. 



As in WP. u becomes e, in P. jota, O. zet", a cow buffalo. On the other hand, 



