U THE RMURI OR BARGISTA LANGUAGE. [§70 



The word {h)a-fd is a compound. With ha-, a-, we may compare the definite 

 article, a- (§ 55), and Av. ha, and with -fo, -f" , Av. ava-. Compare P. ha-y" that. 



§ 70. The plural of ho, etc., is hal or hdi, which is of common gender. It has 

 two oblique forms. When it is used as a substantive referring to an animate being, 

 its oblique form is r\ plur. rai, both common gender. Thus, ta-r" , of this person ; 

 ta-rai, of these persons ; ku-r\ on this person. In other circumstances, i.e., when 

 used as a substantive referring to an inanimate object, or as an adjective (whether 

 referring to an animate being or to an inanimate object), the oblique form is />", 

 plur. pal. Thus, ta-p'\ of this thing; ta-pal, of these things ; i-p" , on this thing ; ta-p" 

 sarai, of this man. 



This pronoun is to be referred to the Av. ho, ha, but the oblique forms present 

 no little difficulty. I account for r" as follows : In the particular instance of this pro- 

 noun, the genitive ta-r" is pronounced as one word. Ghulam Muhammad Khan 

 draws special attention to this as a curious fact (p. 131). We have seen (§ 59) that the 

 original form of the preposition of the genitive is tar, not ta, and that this tar has sur- 

 vived in the case of certain other pronouns. I believe, therefore, that we should really 

 divide this genitive as tar-", not ta-r",^ in which case the " is at once accounted for as 

 the true oblique form. In process of time the origin of the form would be forgotten, 

 and the analogy of nearly every other genitive, including that of the pronoun hafo, 

 would suggest that the preposition was ta, and that the oblique pronoun was r', which 

 would thus gradually come into use for the other cases. 



I am unable to give any certain derivation for the oblique form p". Two sug- 

 gest themselves to me, but they are both pure guesses. It may be derived from the 

 O. Prs. hauv, that, with hardening of the final y to /> ; or it may by origin be a 

 dative plural, and be derived from Av. abyo, to these. But in both cases there is a 

 total want of intermediate links. 



§ 71. Reflexive Pronoun. — This is x^'^'^, which is an adjective meaning ' own.' 

 For ' self,' we have a-xwai dzan, lit. * one's own life.' The locative, i-xwai inar 

 means ' mutually.' 



The origin of x^«« is Av. x^«-^o, of oneself. Cf. Kurd, x^, Prs. x'u-^- 



§ 72. Relative Pronoun. — This is ka, who, which, what. It is immutable. Its 

 origin is O. Prs., Av. ka-, who ? Cf. Prs. ki, P. ka, Kurd, ko or go. With the last 

 we may compare 0. kdn or gan, when ?, and gudd, where ? When 0. wishes to 

 retain the interrogative force of this pronoun, it adds to it the -^a-suffix. See the 

 next section. 



§73. Interrogative Pronouns.— Th^sQ are kuk, who?, and h" , what? The 

 former refers to persons and the latter to things. Neither changes in declension, but 

 the genitive of kuk is tar-kuk, as in the case of the first two personal pronouns. To 

 these we may add ben, of what sort ?, and bon, how much, how many ? 



The origin of kuk is the O. Prs., Av. ka-, mentioned in the preceding section, with 



' Ghulam Muhammad Khan (1. c.) says that tar<* is a contraction of tar-y<^, but gives no proof of the statement, and 

 is to far clearly wrong. But he is right in recognizing the preposition as tar, not ta. 



