46 THE ORMURI OR BARGISTA LANGUAGE. [§93. 



having done. Its force is obtained by a periphrasis. Thus, the Hindi woh kam kar- 

 ke cald gaya, he, having done work, went away, would in Ormuri be expressed by 

 hafo kar dok wa i'ekk-al, he did work and went away. 



§ 93. Derivative Verbs. — A denominative verb, of the first conjugation, may be 

 formed from a noun or an adjective. If an intransitive verb is required, the syl- 

 lable -ek is added to form the past participle and infinitive. Thus, from spiw, white, 

 we have spiw-'ek, to become white. If a transitive verb is required, then aw-'ek or 

 ayek is added, as in dhad, inhabited, dhddaw^'ek or dbddayek, to make inhabited, to 

 populate. 



§ 94. Causals. — The termination aw'ek or ayek is also used to make transitive 

 verbs from intransitives, and causals from transitives. It is added to the present 

 base. Thus, amar'ek, to hear, present base, amar- ; causal amaraw^'ek or amarayek, 

 to cause to hear : yap'ek, to weave, present base, yaf-; causal yufaw^'ek or yafayek, to 

 cause to weave : na-walak, to take out, present base na-w"r- ; causal na-w"raw'"ek or 

 na-w"rayek, to cause to take out : kl-h-'ek, to call, present base ki-h-\ causal kl-^aw^'ek 

 or kl-hayek, to cause to call. The feminine of all these past participles ends in awak. 

 The termination ayak also occurs, but very rarely. 



This causal termination is to be compared with the P'Sto causal termination -av, 

 which, as pointed out in GIF. I, ii, 222, is of Indian origin. Cf. Pali -dpi, -aya, -e. 



§ 95. Passive. — A passive is formed by conjugating the past participle with the 

 verb sydk, to become (see § 82). Thus, yaf-'ek, to weave; yUpek sydk, he was woven, 

 yafak suk, she was woven, and so on. 



Indeclinabi^es. — 



§ 96. Adverbs. — The subject of indeclinables belongs rather to vocabulary than 

 to accidence, and a very few remarks will suffice. 



The usual pronominal adverbs are : — 



pa-p" rang, in this manner. 



pa-f rang, in that manner. 



i^" rang, how ? 



diik" , because. 



ta-p" par" , for this reason. 



ta-p par", for that reason. 



ta-h" par" , for what reason ? why ? 



pa-p" or i-d" , here. 



pa-f" or i-w" , there. 



gudd, where ? 



ho waqt, now. 



haf' waqt, then. 



fe" waqt, kdn, or gdn, when ? 



It will be seen that nearly all these are phrases, not independent words. 

 The ordinary negative is nak, but mak is used with the imperative. The usual 

 na and ma have taken the /^a-suffix. 



