18 THE ORMURI OR BARGISTA LANGUAGE. [§34. 



An original initial st = O. st, in Av. star-, O. stirr-ak (probably st"r-ak), a star, 

 but in O Prs. ^sta-, 0. t~^'ek, to stand, it has become t. When the st is medial, it is 

 preserved after s, s -\- st becoming st, as in O. Prs. us + ^/sta-, O. wust--"ek, to stand 

 up. On the other hand, after a vowel, it becomes st, as in O. Prs. a + y/sta-, 

 0. ast-'ek, to stand upright. The Phi. verbal determinative -st-, is preserved in the 

 0. verb gla-st-ak, to transport. See Vocabulary, s.v. 



(6) Original medial t is syncopated. O. Prs. duvitlya-, O. dim, second ; Av. 

 navaiti-, 0. nawJ, ninety; Av. paiti + y^zan-, O. pazan-'ek, to recognize; Av. pitar-, 

 0. pie, a father ; Av. matar-, O. maw", a mother ; Skr. sata-,, O. su, a hundred ; Av. 

 spaeta-, 0. spiw , white. 



§ 34- ^• 



This letter no longer exists in O. When an original medial, whether alone or form- 

 ing part of a compound, it is almost always elided. Thus, Av. maedman-, O. memnl, 

 a female guest ; Av. cadwdr-, 0. Mr, four. The only exception is dr, which is repre- 

 sented by sr, see § 29, le. Regarding Av. *cadrudasa, 0. hares, fourteen, § 15, 4. 



I have not noticed any case of the representation in 0. of an original initial 9. 



§35- d. 

 (i) d = original initial d. Av. y/dar-, O. dranak, to own, dari, he may own; 

 Av. darpya-, 0. dray, long ; Av. dasa, O. das, ten ; Av. y/dai-, 0. d--"ek, to see ; Av. 

 y/dd-, da'Saiti, O. d-ok, made; Av. ddrsta-, 0. dil-ak, to reap; Av. duyiar-, O. duw", 

 a daughter; Av. y/*duxS-, 0. dus-'ek, to milk ; O. Prs. duvitlya-, O. dim, second. 



(2) d = original y (through /, dz) in Av. yuiSyeiti, 0. (kitsl, or dusl, he seeks. 



(3) As to conjuncts of which d forms the first member, d'n is represented by n 

 (§ 18, 5). The examples of the compound dv are very inconsistent. Av. dva, 0. 

 d{y)d, two ; but Av. dvadasa, Skr. dvdda^a-, O. dwds, twelve ; while Av. dvar-, a door, 

 becomes, as in Kurd., 0. bar. 



(4) An original medial d suffers syncope. Av. Zdrgd-, 0. zll, the heart; Av. 

 astadasa, 0. astes, eighteen. Similarly, O. dwds, twelve (see above) ; hares {ca9ru- 

 dasa), fourteen; awes {haptadasa-) , seventeen, and all the other numerals from 

 twelve to nineteen. But for eleven, we have Av. aevandasa (GIP, I, i, 112), O. san- 

 das, in which the original d is preserved by the n. The initial s belongs to the O. s" 

 or so, one, the origin of which is unknown to me. 



§ 36. 8. 

 Ivike d, this letter no longer exists in 0. An original medial 8 is always syncop- 

 ated. Thus, Av. hisaiti, 0. hayl, he sits; Av. maSaxd-, O. mex, a locust; Av. sar98a-, 

 0. sal, a year ; Av. duySar-, 0. duw'\ a daughter. But Sy becomes s in Av. yuiSyeiti, 

 O. d^usl or dusl, he seeks (see § 28, 6). 



§37- 5- 

 (i) s = original s : — 



{a) Initial : — Av. sarah-, 0. say, the head ; Av. sar9M-, O. sal, a year ; Skr. 



sahyati, 0. say-awl, he endures ; Av. sukursna-, O. sukal, a porcupine. 



